Men of Peace and the Search for the Perfect Pesticide: Conscientious Objectors,the Rockefeller Foundation,and Typhus Control Research

Selective Training and Service Act of 1940; Section 5(g).

Keim AN . The CPS story: an illustrated history of Civilian Public Service. Intercourse (PA): Good Books; 1990.

Robinson ML . Civilian Public Service during World War II: the dilemmas of conscience and conscription in a free society. Ann Arbor (MI): University Microfilms International Dissertation Information Service; 1992.

Anderson RC . Peace was in their hearts: conscientious objectors in World War II. Scottdale (PA): Herald Press; 1994.

Stapleton DH . The short-lived miracle of DDT. American Heritage of Invention and Technology 2000;15:34–41.

A step in preparedness against typhus [excerpt from Trustees' Confidential Bulletin]. Folder 259, box 32, series 100, Record Group (RG) 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): Rockefeller Foundation Archives, Rockefeller Archive Center (RAC).

Study of typhus fever—authorization and designation. Folder 259, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1940 Mar 18.

Busvine JR . Disease transmission by insects. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1993.

Janney JH Jr . Typhus. Folder 260, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1941 Dec 19.

Sawyer WA . Plans for louse control studies in New York. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Feb 11.

Stapleton DH . A lost chapter in the early history of DDT: the development of anti-typhus technologies by the Rockefeller Foundation's Louse Laboratory, 1942–1994. Technology and Culture 2005;46:513–40.

Bauer JH . Delousing studies in New York. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Feb 9.

Louse control studies. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Mar 13.

Experimental studies in louse control [excerpt from IHD Newsletter October 1942]. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942.

Stapleton DH . Lessons of history? Anti-malaria strategies of the International Health Board and the Rockefeller Foundation from the 1920s to the era of DDT. Public Health Rep 2004;119:206–15.

Sawyer WA . Letter to Dr. Bishopp. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Feb 18.

Jackson KT . The Bowery: from residential street to skid row. In: Beard R , editor. On being homeless: historical perspectives. New York: Museum of the City of New York; 1987. p. 69–79.

Davis WA . Project at 25th Street Municipal Lodging House. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jun 15.

Bauer JH . Testing louse repellents. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jun 29.

British conchies starve and thirst in experiment seeking way to relieve agony of the shipwrecked. Newsweek 1942 Jun 1;56.

Mellanby K . Scabies. London: Oxford University Press; 1943.

French PC . Letter to Dr. Thomas Parran. NARA. Folder 450 Special Projects, General. 1942 Jun 16.

French PC. Letter to Col. Kosch Lewis F . NARA. Folder 450 Special Projects, General. 1942 Jun 16.

Strode GK . Letter to Dr. Randall. Folder 261, box 32, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 May 25.

Sawyer WA . Letter to Dr. Richards. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Oct 9.

Stroke GK . Diary excerpt. RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jun 3.

Davis WA . Trip to conscientious objectors camp. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jul 6.

Swift DE . Letter to George B. Reeves. NARA. Folder 450, N.H. 1942 Jul 7.

Strode GK . Letter to General Lewis B. Hershey. NARA. 450 special folder, N.H. 1942 Jul 10.

Kosch LF . Letter to Dr. George K. Strode. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jul 6.

Davis WA Wheeler CM . The use of insecticides on men artificially infested with body lice. Am J Hygiene 1944;39:163–76.

Holmquist HT . Letter to Superintendent Joslyn. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jul 13.

Strode GK . Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jul 15.

Morgan K . Letter to Dr. George K. Strode. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Jul 15.

Weightman M . Life in a lyceum. The Compass: An Instrument of Direction 1942;1:22–3.

Davis WA . Diary excerpt. Box 13, series Davis, William (1942–1943), RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Aug 24.

Davis WA . Diary excerpt. Box 13, series Davis, William (1942–1943), RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Aug 25.

Davis WA . Letter to Dr. Sawyer. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Aug 6.

Davis WA . Diary excerpt. Box 13, series Davis, William (1942–1943), RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Sep 7.

Davis WA . Summary of third experiment with louse-killing powders at Glencliff, N.H. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942.

Davis WA . Diary excerpt. Box 13, series Davis, William (1942–1943), RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Oct 13.

Davis WA . Letter to Colonel Stone. Folder 262, box 33, series 100, RG 1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Dec 15.

Davis WA . Diary excerpt. Box 13, series Davis, William (1942–1943), RG 12.1. Sleepy Hollow (NY): RAC; 1942 Sep 11.

Schlissel L , editor. Conscience in America. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc.; 1968.

Van Dyck HR . Exercise of conscience. Buffalo (NY): Prometheus Books; 1990.

Dole AA . My war and my peace. In: Gara L Gara LM , editors. A few small candles: war resisters of World War II tell their stories. Kent (OH): Kent State University Press; 1999. p. 53–77.

West TF Campbell GA . DDT: the synthetic insecticide. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.; 1946.

Zimmerman OT Lavine I . DDT, killer of killers. Dover (NH): Industrial Research Service; 1948.

Selective Service System. Conscientious objection. Special monograph 11 1950;1:33–8.

Tucker T . The great starvation experiment: Ancel Keys and the men who starved for science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; 2007.

Men starve in Minnesota: conscientious objectors volunteer for strict hunger tests to study Europe's food problem. Life 1945;19:43–6.

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. A guide to the collection in the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University [cited 2008 Jul 30]. Available from: URL: http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/nrc/archives/ncphsguide.pdf