Commentary

Lawrence P. S. : An estimate of the incidence of chronic disease. Pub. Health Rep. 63: 69–82 (1948).

Ciocco A. : Chronic sickness in relation to survivorship twenty years later. Human Biol. 18: 33–48 (1946).

Lew E. A. : Mortality statistics for life insurance underwriting. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 43: 274–289 (1948).

Usilton L. J. Remein Q. R. Thorner R. M. Donohue J. F. : Syphilis mortality during the period of the fifth revision of the international lists of causes of death. Am. J. Syph., Gonor. & Ven. Dis. 37: 403–412 (1953).

Bruusgaard E. : The fate of syphilitics who are not given specific treatment. Arch, f. Dermat. u. Syph. 157: 309 (1929).

Gjestland T. : The outcome of untreated syphilis: A followup study of 2,000 patients untreated for early syphilis. Preliminary title of report to be published by the World Health Organization.

Rosahn P. D. : Autopsy studies in syphilis. Supplement No. 21 to the Journal of Venereal Disease Information. Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 1947.

Usilton L. J. Miner J. R. : A tentative death curve for acquired syphilis in white and colored males in the United States. Ven. Dis. Inform. 18: 231–239 (1937).

Clark T. : The control of syphilis in southern rural areas. Chicago, Julius Rosenwald Fund, 1932.

Vonderlehr R. A. Clark T. Wenger O. C. Heller J. R. Jr. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. A comparative study of treated and untreated cases. Ven. Dis. Inform. 17: 260–265 (1936).

Deibert A. V. Bruyere M. C. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. III. Evidence of cardiovascular abnormalities and other forms of morbidity, J. Ven. Dis. Inform. 27: 301–314 (1946).

Pesare P.J. Bauer T. J. Gleeson G. A. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. Observation of abnormalities over 16 years. Am. J. Syph., Gonor. & Ven. Dis. 34: 201–213 (1950).

Olansky S. Simpson L. Schuman S. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. Environmental factors in the Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis. Public Health Reports, this issue, pp. 691–698.

Rivers E. Schuman S. H. Simpson L. Olansky S. : Twenty years of follow-up experience in a long-range medical study. Pub. Health Rep. 68: 391–395 (1953).

Peters J. J. Peers J. H. Olansky S. Cutler J. C. Gleeson G. A. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. Pathologic findings in syphilitic and nonsyphilitic patients. To be published in the American Journal of Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Venereal Diseases.

Schuman S. H. Olausky S. Rivers E. Shafer J. K. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. Background and current status of patients in the Tuskegee study. To be published.

Olansky S. Schuman S. H. Rivers E. Shafer J. K. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. Twenty years of clinical observation of untreated syphilitic and presumably non-syphilitic groups. To be published.

Heller J. R. Jr. Bruyere P. T. : Untreated syphilis in the male Negro. II. Mortality during 12 years of observation. J. Ven. Dis. Inform. 27: 34–52 (1946).

Miller J. L. Slatkin M. H. Feiner R. R. Portnoy J. Cannon A. B. : Treponemal immobilization test. Reliability of results for the diagnosis of syphilis. J. A. M. A. 149: 987–991 (1952).

U. S. National Office of Vital Statistics: Abridged life tables, United States, 1950. Special Reports. National Summaries. Vol. 37, No. 12.