Reported differences in effects of direct reinforcement on S observing that reinforcement in a dyad were examined. 60 Ss were tested in pairs for changes in performance on a menial task related to their receiving direct positive, direct negative, indirect positive, indirect negative, or neutral feedback from E. Results showed that Ss receiving direct negative or indirect negative reinforcement increased their performance above a baserate level. All other Ss maintained their baserate performance. Differences between this study and others in terms of Ss’ familiarity with each other prior to the experiment were examined.
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