Reducing Attacks on Police

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, data extracted from issues for 1960 through 1984.

Chapman Samuel G. , Cops, Killers and Staying Alive: The Murder of Police Officers in America. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas (1986), p. 26.

Op. cit., p. 27.

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Report: Crime In the United States, 1984. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 240.

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, Police . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973, pp. 380–420. Also see: Leonard V. A. More Harry W. Jr. , Police Organization and Management. Mineola, New York: The Foundation Press, Inc., Sixth Edition, 1982, pp. 267–178.

Kelley Clarence M. , “Message From The Director,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 43 (February 1, 1974), p. 1. Also see: Hoover J. Edgar , “Message From The Director,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , 39 (October 1, 1970), p. 1.

Murray Alan , “Agents' Safety Is the Subject at IRS Classes,” The Wall Street Journal, April 16, 1984, p. 1, col. 1.

These agencies may be reached, respectively, at the following addresses: IACP, 13 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878. The NIJ, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., 20531.

Wilson O. W. McLaren Roy C. , Police Administration. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, fourth edition, 1977, p. 461.

Larson Richard C. , “The Future of Police Emergency Response Systems,” NIJ Reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, SNI 190, March, 1985, pp. 2–6. Also see: Wilson McLaren , op. cit., pp. 490–492.

Chapman Samuel G. Hale Charles D. Meyer C. Kenneth , Perspectives on Police Assaults in the South Central United States, Volume I. Norman, Oklahoma: Office of Research Administration, 1974, pp. 139 and 247.

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: The Police. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967. pp. 88–90 and 113–114.

There is a possibility that the two men who killed two FBI agents and wounded five others in an April 11, 1986, Miami, Florida shoot out had ties to extremist groups. Farziale Eva , “Slain Suspects Linked to Other Shootings,” The Oregonian, April 13, 1986, p. 16, cols. 1–3.

“Message From the Director,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 36 (September 1, 1967), p. 1.

Greenhouse Linda , “House Approves Bill Weakening Gun Controls,” The Oregonian, April 11, 1986, p. 1, cols. 1–5.

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in A Free Society . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967, pp. 239–244; The National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, To Establish Justice, To Insure Domestic Tranquility . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969, pp. 169–186; and National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, A National Strategy to Reduce Crime . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973, pp. 139–149. Also see: Anderson Jervis , Guns in American Life. New York: Random House, 1984, 132 pp.

Chapman Samuel G. , Cops, Killers and Staying Alive: The Murder of Police Officers in America. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1986, p. 116.

408 U.S. 238, 92 S. Ct. 2726, 22 L. Ed. 2nd 346 (1972).

Derived from several sources, but principally The Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment 1984 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1985, 11 pp., and Kilman Lawrence , “Executions Are No Longer Front-Page News,” St. Louis Post Dispatch, May 17, 1985.

“Texas Officials Execute Murderer,” Pacific Stars and Stripes, April 18, 1986, p. A-3, col. 4.

Goodman Walter , “Pace of Executions in U.S. Quickens,” The New York Times , December 13, 1984. Also see: Greenhouse Linda , “Another Push for Capital Punishment,” The New York Times, January 27, 1985.

Chapman , op. cit., pp. 121–123.

Ibid., p. 126.

Ibid., pp. 126–130.

Chapman Samuel G. , Police Murderers and Effective Countermeasures . Santa Cruz, Calif; Davis Publishing Company, 1976, p. 139. Also see: Chapman , Cops, Killers and Staying Alive, op. cit., p. 131.

Unger Arthur , “Sex, Violence: What Impact?” The Christian Science Monitor , April 4, 1986, p. 24, cols. 3 & 4.

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967, p. 273.

Chapman Samuel G. , Cops, Killers and Staying Alive: The Murder of Police Officers in America. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1986, p. xv.

Chapman Samuel G. Hale Charles D. Meyer C. Kenneth Swanson Cheryl G. Morrison Patton M. , Perspectives on Police Assaults in the South Central United States , Volumes I, II and III and Operations Research Manual . Norman, Oklahoma: Office of Research Administration, 1974, 909 pp. This project was supported by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration under Grant Numbers 73-TA-06-004 and 73-DF-06-0053.

Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 112 and 232.

Respectively, these are The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 364 (March, 1966) and 452 (November, 1980).

Sherman Lawrence W. , “Perspectives on Police and Violence,” in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 452 (November, 1980), pp. 7 & 8.

Van Maanen John , “Beyond Account: The Personal Impact of Police Shootings,” in The Annals, op. cit., p. 156.