Participant Observation with the Amsterdam Police

“Policework constitutes the most secluded part of an already secluded system and therefore offers the greatest opportunity for arbitrary behaviour”, Skolnick J. H. , Justice without Trial, New York, Wiley, 1975, p. 14.

Spencer G. , “Methodological Issues in the Study of Bureaucratic Elites: A Case Study of West Point”, Social Problems, Vol. 21, No. 1, Summer 1973.

Manning P. K. , “Police Lying”, Urban Life and Culture, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1974.

Westley W. A. , Violence and the Police, Cambridge Mass., M.I.T. Press, 1970.

Sherman L. W. , Police Corruption, New York, Anchor, 1974.

Reiss A. J. Jr. , “Police Brutality”, Transaction 5, July-August 1968.

“Most of the operating policies of the police are beyond public scrutiny; that is, they are secretive and known only to the police themselves,” Quinney R. , The Social Reality of Crime, Boston Mass., Little Brown, 1970, p. 114.

Rubington E. Weinberg M. S. , “Deviance: The interactionist Perspective”, London, Macmillan, 1973, Douglas J. D. (ed.) “Deviance and Respectability”, New York, Basic Books, 1970.

Becker H. “Sociological Work”, London, Allen Lane, 1970.

Manning P. K. , “Dramatic Aspects of Policing”, working paper, 1973, p. 9.

Quinney , op cit. p. 133.

Manning P. K. , “Dramatic Aspects of Policing: Selected Propositions”, Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 59, No. 1, October 1974.

Faris R. E. L. , “Chicago Sociology”, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Cohen S. , “Images of Deviance” Harmonsworth, Penguin Books, 1971.

Winch P. , “The Idea of a Social Science”, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.

Phillips D. , “Abandoning Method”, London, Jossey-Bass, 1973.

Phillips D. , “Knowledge from what?”, Chicago, Rand McNally, 1971.

Galtung J. , “Theory and Methods in Social Research”, pp. 9–29, “The Data Matrix”. London, Allen and Unwin, 1971.

Becker H. , op cit, “Inference and Proof in Participant Observation”.

McCall G. J. Simmons J. L. , “Issues in Participant Observation”, Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 1969.

Skolnick , op cit., pp. 246–273, “Contemporary Law Enforcement in Democratic Society”.

Reiss A. J. Jr. , personal communication.

Smith D. E. , “Front-line Organization of the State Mental Hospital”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3, Dec. 1965.

Banton M. , “The policeman in the Community”, London, Tavistock 1964.

Bittner E. , “Peace-keeping on Skid Row”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 32, No. 5 October 1967.

Reiss A. J. Jr. , “The Police and the Public”, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1971.

Westley , op cit; Cain M. “Society and the Policeman's Role” London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. Skolnick , op cit. Rubinstein J. , “City Police”, New York, Ballantine, 1973.

Clarke M. , “Survival in the Field: Implications of Personal Experience in Field-Work”, Theory and Society, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 1975.

Veendrick L. Jongman R. , “Met de politie op pad”, Groningen, Kriminologisch Instituut, 1976, p. 11.

Kirkham G. L. , “From Professor to Patrolman”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1974.

ibid, p. 129, “so much happened in the short space of six months that I will never again be the same man or the same scientist who stood in front of the station on that first day”.

Rubinstein , op cit.

ibid., pp. 218–267, “Suspicions”.

White W. F. , “Street Corner Society”, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1955, p. 328 on suddenly perceiving how the “pieces of the puzzle fell together”.

Rubinstein , op cit., p. 168.

Skolnick , op cit., p. 38.

ibid., p. 39.

Sagarin E. , “The research setting and the right not to be researched”, Social Problems, Vol. 21, No. 1, Summer 1973. Becker H. , op cit., “Whose Side Are We On?”

Punch M. , “Participant Observation and the Police in the Inner-city of Amsterdam”, unpublished paper, 1976.

Punch M. , “Frontline Amsterdam”, British Journal of Law and Society, forthcoming, Winter 1976.

Bittner , op cit.

Goffman E. , “The presentation of Self in Everyday Life”, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1969.

Goffman E. , “Interaction Ritual”, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1972.

Whyte W. F. , op. cit., pp. 279–358, Methodological Appendix.

Polsky N. , “Hustlers, Beats, and Others”, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1971.

Suttles G. D. , “The Social Order of the Slum”, Chicago, University of Chicgao Press, 1968.

Veendrick Jongman , op. cit., p. 13, report that in a relatively short period they patrolled with 84 different policemen.

Punch M. , “Priorities in Researching the Police”, Intermediair. Vol. 12, No. 44, 29th October 1976.

Punch M. , “Fout is fout: Gesprekken met de politie in de binnenstad van Amsterdam”, Meppel, Boom, 1976.

Reiss , op. cit., p. xi.

Clarke , op. cit., p. 96 and Bell C. Newby H. , “Community Studies”, London, Allen and Unwin, 1973.

Chatterton M. , “Resource Charges and Practical Decision-making in Peace-Keeping”, working paper, Nuffield Seminar on Sociology of the Police, Bristol University, 1973, reports a similarly complex interactionist perspective for analyzing decisions on whether or not to prosecute in a British police force.

Rubinstein , op. cit., p. 261.

Brittan A , “Meanings and Situations”, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973.

Blumer H. , “Symbolic Interactionism”, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Goffman E. , op. cit., 1972, pp. 5–46, “On Face Work”.