A preliminary exploration of the association between adverse childhood experiences and police misconduct

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and police misconduct. ACEs encompass traumatic events that occur before age 18, such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. ACEs have been linked to negative outcomes, including increased contact with the criminal justice system, and mental illness. Using self-reporting survey data obtained from 484 police officers, both with and without misconduct records, the study aims to determine if officers with misconduct records have higher ACE scores compared to their peers. The study also investigates if specific types of ACEs are more strongly associated with misconduct, and if the cumulative count, particularly four or more, increases the likelihood and severity of sanctions. Additionally, the study examines whether mental health issues mediate the relationship between ACEs and misconduct. Findings revealed that officers with misconduct records had significantly higher ACE scores. Specific ACEs related to physical abuse, emotional neglect, and unwanted sexual contact, were significantly more prevalent among officers with misconduct. A cumulative count of ACEs was associated with an increased likelihood of misconduct, but not its severity. Mental health issues did not mediate the relationship between ACEs and misconduct, meaning it is the ACEs that underpin the relationship with misconduct, and not existing or developed mental health issues. The study concludes by discussing the need for police services to provide additional support for officers with high ACE scores, including mentorship programs to mitigate the risk of misconduct, and targeted mental health interventions to maintain their overall mental well-being.