Educational spaces often favor extroverted traits, marginalizing introverted students and educators. Sara Schnoor explores the impact of introversion bias in schools and highlights introverts’ strengths, including deep thinking, strategic decision-making, and attentive listening. She offers practical strategies for fostering inclusion of introverts, such as redefining participation, creating reflective spaces, and recognizing diverse leadership styles. By addressing these biases, educators and administrators can cultivate learning environments that honor all personality types, ultimately enriching school culture and student success.
AronE.N.AronA. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73 (2), 345-368.
2.
BermanM.G.JonidesJ.KaplanS. (2008). The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science, 19 (12), 1207-1212.
3.
BlickleG.MeursJ.A.WihlerA.EwenC.FerrisG.R. (2008). Personality, political skill, and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 723, 377-387.
4.
CainS. (2013). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. Broadway Books.
5.
DeRuisseauL.R. (2016). The flipped classroom allows for more class time devoted to critical thinking. Advances in Physiology Education, 40 (4), 522-528.
6.
FleesonW.GallagherP. (2009). The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97 (6), 1097-1114.
7.
GolemanD. (2006). Social intelligence: The revolutionary new science of human relationships. Bantam Books.
8.
GrantA. (2016). Originals: How non-conformists move the world. Viking.
9.
GrantA.M.GinoF.HofmannD.A. (2011). Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 54 (3), 528-550.
10.
HelgoeL.A. (2022). Socially quiet, academically strong: Leveraging the strengths of introverted students in higher education. Journal of Learning and Instruction, 38, 76-89.
11.
HoganR.HoganJ.RobertsB.W. (1996). Personality measurement and employment decisions: Questions and answers. American Psychologist, 51 (5), 469-477.
12.
JudgeT.A.BonoJ.E.IliesR.GerhardtM.W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 765-780.
13.
JungC.G. (1976). Psychological types (HullR.F.C., Trans.). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1921).
14.
KingL.A. (2001). The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (7), 798-807.
15.
LaneyM. O. (2002). The introvert advantage: How quiet people can thrive in an extrovert world. Workman Publishing.
16.
MarrsK. A.NovakG. (2004). Just-in-time teaching in biology: Creating an active learner classroom using the Internet. Cell Biology Education, 3 (1), 49-61.
17.
MeiklejohnJ.PhillipsC.FreedmanM.L.GriffinM.L.BiegelG.RoachA.SaltzmanA. (2012). Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness, 3 (4), 291-307.
18.
MoskosP. (2011). In defense of doing nothing: The methodological utility of introversion. In ZakeI.DeCesareM. (Eds.), New directions in sociology: Essays on theory and methodology in the 21st century (pp. 160–171). McFarland & Co.
19.
ParkN.PetersonC. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10 (4).
20.
SchmidtM.ZimmermanB.NolkerR. (2014). Teacher identity and teaching practice in a diverse urban high school: Contextual influences. Education and Urban Society, 46 (3), 284-306.
21.
SeligmanM.E.P.ErnstR.M.GillhamJ.ReivichK.LinkinsM. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35 (3), 293-311.
22.
SpringerL.StanneM.E.DonovanS.S. (1999). Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 69 (1), 21-51.
23.
SteinS.J.BookH.E. (2011). The EQ edge: Emotional intelligence and your success. Jossey-Bass.
24.
StevensS.M. (2017). Create your best work: How to maximize performance, minimize stress, and lead a balanced life. Wiley.
25.
TuovinenSTangXSalmela-AroK (2020) Introversion and social engagement: Scale validation, their interaction, and positive association with self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
26.
ZhangL.F. (2007). Do personality traits make a difference in teaching styles among Chinese high school teachers?Personality and Individual Differences, 43 (4), 669-679.
