Current views underlying livestock research and development have to be reconsidered to understand the possibilities for a more sustainable animal production in resource-poor farming systems. Animal production systems are complex and dynamic and they provide more than just food through their versatile roles in supporting human welfare. The intangible products are important in areas lacking formal insurance and developed financial markets. The objectives of research, education and extension should be set in relation to this broad perspective on livestock keeping. Changes in land use and economic conditions are the driving forces for change in animal production systems. A systems approach is needed to assess disciplinary research focused on production levels of individual animals, and sustainability prospects of new technologies within the context of the farming system. This can help us to plan for the future.
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