Developments in the formulation of vaccines are reviewed and the vaccines currently in use, including live attenuated, subunit and inactivated, are briefly described. For BHV1 and BVDV vaccines, the combinations and their application under various conditions are described together with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Vaccines still in the trial and development stages are also presented. The advantages of these latter vaccines in terms of their potentially greater safety are highlighted and the increasing importance of adjuvants for use with them is discussed.
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