Abstract
With a rapidly expanding world population, growing use of intensive animal husbandry, and increasingly stringent waste disposal legislation, the problem of disposing of livestock effluent is already severe. This article discusses, both qualitatively and quantitatively, how such organic waste can be effectively disposed of on a large scale by systematically managing the destructive and productive activities of earthworms.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Kurian
C. T.
, ‘The New Book of World Rankings ’, Fact on File Publications , New York , 1984 .
2.
Kent
M. M.
, and
Haub
C.
‘1984 World Population Data Sheet ’ Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C., 1984 .
3.FAO Production Yearbook , Vol. 30–38 , United Nations. , Rome , 1976–1984 .
4.
Hartenstein
R.
Int'l Envt. Studies , 27 , 287 , 1986 .
5.
Hartenstein
R.
, and
Neuhauser
E. F.
J. Wat. Pollut Control. Fed. , 56 , 1136 , 1985 .
6.
Hartenstein
R.
Soil Biol. Biochem. , 16 , 643 , 1984 .
7.
Hassett
D. J.
,
Bisesi
M. S.
, and
Hartenstein
R.
Soil Biol. Biochem. , 19 , 111 , 1987 .
8.
Nielsen
V. C.
‘Farm Waste Management General Information ’ Booklet 2077. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food , UK , 1980 .
9.
Nielsen
V. C.
‘Farm Waste Management General Information ’ Booklet 2077. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food , UK , 1980 .
10.
Hartenstein
R.
Adv. Ecol. Res. , 15 , 379 , 1985 .
11.
Hartenstein
R.
In ‘Earthworm Ecology, from Darwin to Vermiculture ’,
Satchell
J. E.
(ed), pp. 297 –308 , Chapman and Hall , London , 1983 .
12.
Flack
F. M.
, and
Hartenstein
R.
Soil Biol. Biochem. , 16 , 491 , 1984 .
13.
Lee
K. E.
‘Earthworms ’, Academic Press , London , 1985 .
14.
Tomlin
A. D.
In ‘Earthworm Ecology from Darwin to Vermiculture ’,
Satchell
J. E.
(ed), pp. 331 –338 , Chapman and Hall , London , 1983 .
15.
Edwards
C. A.
, and
Lofty
J. R.
‘Biology of Earthworms ’ 2nd Edn. , Halstead Press , 1972 .
16.
Hartenstein
R.
,
Neuhauser
E. F.
, and
Kaplan
D. L.
Oecologia , 43 , 325 , 1979 .
17.
Neuhauser
E. F.
,
Hartenstein
R.
, and
Kaplan
D. L.
Oikos , 35 , 93 , 1980 ; Hartenstein, R. Biotech. Bioeng., 23, 1791, 1981 .
18.
Hartenstein
F.
,
Hartenstein
E.
, and
Hartenstein
R.
Pedobiologia , 22 , 5 , 1981 .
19.
Hartenstein
R.
Biotech. Bioeng. , 24 , 1803 , 1982 .
20.
Bisesi
M. S.
‘Vermimicrobedaphic Biotechnology ’ Ph.D. Dissertation. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 1987 .
21.[10, 17] . Higher capacities are possible in substrates of greater depth .
22.
Lakhani
K. H.
, and
Satchell
J. E.
J. Anim. Ecol. , 39 , 473 , 1970 .
23.
Curry
J. P.
, and
Bolger
T.
Soil Biol. Biochem. , 16 , 253 , 1984 .
24.
Hartenstein
R.
,
and’ Amico
L.
Soil Biol. Biochem. , 15 , 51 , 1983 .
