Abstract
Hydraulic sprayers, which have reached a high degree of sophistication, have long been seen as inappropriate for use in many countries where crops are most at risk from pest, disease and weed competition. ULV application by spinning-disc sprayer may have overcome problems of inadequate water supply, but, for many, costs are still too high. Recent developments in electrostatic sprayers could remove this final constraint to adequate crop protection for the peasant farmer.
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