Weather modification: hail suppression in Spain

Abstract

Hail damage to agricultural and horticultural crops alone costs the equivalent of millions of dollars annually in Spain, as it does in many other hail-prone countries. The use of radar and computer technology facilitates hailstorm studies and enables the probability of hail formation to be predicted from mathematical cloud models. Modern aircraft give a much better chance of success to cloud-seeding techniques formerly dependent on rockets and ground-based generators.