Abstract
The user wants pesticides that are convenient, safe and effective. The most commonly used types of formulation—dusts, aqueous solutions, dispersible powders and emulsifiable concentrates—all have their limitations. More sophisticated formulations have been developed which offer reduced handling hazards and provide better control of placement and persistence. These include granules, colloidal dispersions and encapsulated formulations with a wide range of particle size.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alam
MZ
,
Abbas
Md.
(1970 ) PANS 16 , 3 , 525
2.
Allan
GG
,
Chopra
CS
,
Neogi
AN
,
Wilkins
RM
(1971 ) Nature, Lond . 234 , 349
3.
Allan
GG
,
Neogi
AN
(1972 ) Int. Pest Control 14 , 4 . 21
4.
Banks
WA
,
Markin
GP
,
Summerlin
JW
,
Lofgren
CS
(1972 ) J. econ. Ent . 65 , 5 , 1468
5.
Cornwell
PB
(1970 ) Int. Pest Control 12 , 4 , 35
6.Crop King Co. , (1960 ) U.S. Patent 2,957,803
7.EI Du Pont de Nemours Inc. (1939 ) British Patent 499,806
8.
Fourcaud
A
(1966 ) Proc. 3rd Int. agric. Aviat. Conf . 165
9.
Free
JB
,
Needham
PH
,
Racey
PA
,
Stevenson
JH
(1967 ) J. Sci. Fd Agric . 18 , 133
10.
Furmidge
CGL
,
Hill
AC
,
Osgerby
JM
(1966 ) J. Sci. Fd Agric . 17 , 518
11.
Furmidge
CGL
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 745
12.
Graham-Bryce
IJ
,
Stevenson
JH
,
Etheridge
P
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 781
13.
Greaves
J H
,
Rowe
FP
,
Redfern
R
,
Ayres
P
(1968 ) Nature, Lond . 219 , 402
14.
Harding
JA
,
Corley
C
,
Beroga
M
,
Lovely
WG
(1969 ) J. econ. Ent . 62 , 4 , 832
15.
Hough
WS
,
Mason
AF
(1951 ) Spraying, Dusting and Fumigation of Plants Macmillan Co. New York . 726 pp.
16.
Ivy
EE
(1972 ) J. econ. Ent . 65 , 2 , 473
17.Koyama , (1971 ) PANS 17 , 2 , 198
18.
Luzzi
LA
(1970 ) J. pharm. Sci . 59 , 10 , 1367
19.
Markin
GP
,
Hill
SO
(1971 ) J. econ. Ent . 64 , 1 , 193
20.Murphy Chemical Co (1944 ) British Patent 601,666
21.
Nack
H
(1970 ) J. Soc. cosmet. Chem . 21 , 85
22.
Nakagawa
K
(1970 ) Japan Pestic. Inf . 5 , 27
23.
Nation
HJ
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 771
24.
Osgerby
J M
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 753
25.
Pathak
MD
(1968 ) Int. Pest Control 16 , 12
26.
Phillips
FT
(1968 ) PANS 14 , 3 , 407
27.
Raun
ES
,
Jackson
RD
(1966 ) J. econ. Ent . 59 , 3 , 620
28.
Raun
ES
(1968 ) Crops Soils August/September , 17
29.
Read
DC
(1970 ) Can. Ent . 102 , 6 , 667
30.
Rose
GJ
(1963 ) Crop Protection Leonard Hill , London , 490 pp.
31.
Schulz
KR
,
Lichtenstein
EP
,
Fuhremann
TW
,
Liang
TT
(1973 ) J. econ. Ent . 66 , 4 , 873
32.Sherwin-Williams Co. , (1952 ) U.S. Patent 2,614,061
33.
Stephenson
JW
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 81
34.
Stiemerling
K
(1966 ) Pestic. Prag . 6 , 3 , 94
35.
Wheatley
GA
(1972 ) Pestic. Sci . 3 , 811
36.
Van Valkenburg
W
(Ed) (1973 ) Pesticide Formulations Marcel Dekker , New York , 481 pp.
