The loss of a child can impact maternal mental health and the emotional development of a subsequent baby. Couple relationship can help women to cope with this loss. This study investigates the association among child loss, maternal mental health (including prolonged grief), couple adjustment, and psycho-functional symptoms in the subsequent babies. 598 Brazilian mothers, recruited by convenience, took part in the study. Mothers with a baby loss (23%) presented greater age and religiosity, less income, a longer couple relationship, and better couple adjustment, and their baby presented a great number of symptoms. This population needs monitoring for early emotional assistance.
AdebayoA.LiuM.CheahW. (2019). Sociocultural understanding of miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant loss: A study of Nigerian women. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 48(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2018.1557731
2.
AlbuquerqueS.PereiraM.NarcisoI. (2015). Couple’s relationship after the death of a child: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studie, 25(1), 30–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0219-2
3.
Al-MaharmaD. Y.AbujaradehH.MahmoudK. F.JarradR. A. (2016). Maternal grieving and the perception of an atachment to children born subsequent to a perinatal loss. Infant Mental Health Journal, 37(4), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21570
4.
BionW. R. (1973). Attention and interpretation. Tavistock Publications.
5.
BolwbyJ. (1989). Uma base segura: Aplicações clínicas da teoria do apego. Artes Médicas.
6.
Brasil. (2012). Resolução nº 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. O Plenário do Conselho Nacional de Saúde em sua 240a Reunião Ordinária, realizada nos dias 11 e 12 de dezembro de 2012, no uso de suas competências regimentais e atribuições conferidas pela Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990, e pela Lei nº 8.142, de 28 de dezembro de 1990. Resolução Nº 466, 12(1), 1–12. Available from:https://www2.ufjf.br/comitedeetica/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2008/12/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-466-12.pdf
7.
Brasil. (2016). Resolução nº 510, de07de abril de 2016. O Plenário do Conselho Nacional de Saúde em sua Quinquagésima Nona Reunião Extraordinária, realizada nos dias 0607 e de abril de 2016, no uso de suas competências regimentais e atribuições conferidas pela Lei no 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990, pela Lei no 8.142, de 28 de dezembro de 1990, pelo Decreto no 5.839, de 11 de julho de 2006. Resolução Nº 510, de 07de Abril de 2016, 98(1), 1–10. Available from:http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/resolucoes/2016/Reso510.pdf
8.
Brasil. (2021). Ofício Circular nº 2, de 24 de fevereiro de 2021. A Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep) orienta pesquisadores e Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa em relação a procedimentos que envolvam o contato com participantes e/ou coleta de dados em qualquer etapa da pesquisa, em ambiente virtual. Tais medidas visam preservar a proteção, segurança e os direitos dos participantes de pesquisa. Ofício Circular Nº 2/2021/Conep/Secns/Ms. Brasília. Available from:http://conselho.saude.gov.br/images/Oficio_Circular_2_24fev2021.pdf
9.
BrasselA.TownsendM. L.PickardJ. A.GrenyerB. F. S. (2020). Maternal perinatal mental health: Associations with bonding, mindfulness, and self-criticism at 18 months’ postpartum. Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21827
10.
BriggsA. (2002). Surviving space: Papers on infant observation. Karnac Books.
11.
BusbyD.ChristensenC.CraneD.LarsonJ. (1995). A revision of the dyadic adjustment scale for use with distressed and non-distressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x
12.
Buyukcan-TetikA.FinkenauerC.SchutH.StroebeH.StroebeW. (2017). The impact of bereaved parents’ perceived grief similarity on relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(4), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000252
13.
CanavarroM. C. (1999). Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos: BSI. In SimõesM. R.GonçalvesM.AlmeidaL. S. (Eds.), Testes e provas psicológicas em Portugal (vol. II, pp. 87–109). SHO/APPORT.
14.
CanavarroM. C. (2007). Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos: Uma revisão crítica dos estudos realizados em portugal. In SimõesM.MachadoC.GonçalvesM.AlmeidaL. (Eds.), Avaliação psicológica: Instrumentos validados para a população Portuguesa (vol. III, pp. 305–331). Quarteto Editora.
ChenH. H.WangI. A.FangS. Y.ChouY. J.ChenC. Y. (2021). Gender differences in the risk of depressive disorders following the loss of a young child: A nationwide population-based longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 414. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03421-w
17.
CohenJ. (1998). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
18.
Côté-ArsenaultD.LeerkesE. M.ZhouN. (2019). Individual differences in maternal, marital, parenting and child outcomes following perinatal loss: a longitudinal study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019
19.
CramerB.Palacio-EspasaF. (1993). Técnicas psicoterápicas mãe-bebê. Artes Médicas.
20.
DasM. K.AroraN. K.GaikwadH.ChellaniH.DebataP.RasailyR.MeenaK. R.KaurG.MalikP.JoshiS.KumariM. (2021). Grief reaction and psychosocial impacts of child death and stillbirth on bereaved North Indian parents: A qualitative study. PloS One, 16(1), e0240270. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240270
21.
DelaliberaM.DelaliberaT. A.FrancoM. H.BarbosaA.LealI. (2017). Adaptação e validação brasileira do instrumento de avaliação do luto prolongado – PG-13. Revista Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, 19(1), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.5935/1980-6906/psicologia.v19n1p94-106
22.
deMontignyF.GervaisC.PierceT.LavigneG. (2020). Perceived paternal involvement, relationship satisfaction, mothers’ mental health and parenting stress: A multi-sample path analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 578682. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578682
23.
DonelliT. M. S. (2014). Sintomas somáticos funcionais, mentalização materna e internação hospitalar na primeira infância. Projeto de Pesquisa Não-Publicado.
24.
EklundM. V.PrindsC.MørkS.DammM.MöllerS.HvidtjørnD. (2020). Parents’ religious/spiritual beliefs, practices, changes and needs after pregnancy or neonatal loss—A Danish cross-sectional study. Death Studies, 46(6), 1529–1539. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1821260
25.
EratoG.CiciollaL.ShrefflerK. M.GreilA. L. (2021). Changes in importance of motherhood following pregnancy loss. Journal of Family Issues, 43(3). 0192513X2199413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X21994138
26.
FaleschiniS.AubuchonO.ChampeauL.Matte-GagnéC. (2021). History of perinatal loss: A study of psychological outcomes in mothers and fathers after subsequent healthy birth. Journal of Affective Disorders, 280(Pt A), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.016
27.
Fernández-OrdoñezE.González-Cano-CaballeroM.Guerra-MarmolejoC.Fernández-FernándezE.García-GámezM. (2021) Perinatal grief and post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnancy after perinatal loss: A longitudinal study protocol. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062
28.
GhimireP. R.Akombi-InyangB. J.TannousC.AghoK. E. (2020). Association between obesity and miscarriage among women of reproductive age in Nepal. PLoS One, 15(8), e0236435. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236435
29.
GoldsteinR. D.LedermanR. I.LichtenthalW. G.MorrisS. E.HumanM.ElliottA. J.TobaccoD.AngalJ.OdendaalH.KinneyH. C.PrigersonH. G. (2018). The grief of mothers after the sudden unexpected death of their infants. Pediatrics, 141(5), e20173651. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3651
30.
GravensteenI. K.JacobsenE.-M.SandsetP. M.HelgadottirL. B.RadestadI.SandvikL.EkebergO.EkebergO. (2018). Anxiety, depression and relationship satisfaction in the pregnancy following stillbirth and after the birth of a live-born baby: A prospective study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1666-8
31.
HiefnerA. R. (2021). Dyadic coping and couple resilience after miscarriage. Family Relations, 70(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12475
32.
HillP. W.CacciatoreJ.ShrefflerK. M.PritchardK. M. (2017). The loss of self: The effect of miscarriage, stillbirth, and child death on maternal self-esteem. Death Studies, 41(4), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2016.1261204
33.
HollistC. S.FalcetoO.FerreiraL. M.MillerR. B.SpringerP. R.FernandesC. L. C.NunesN. A. (2012). Portuguese translation and validation of the revised dyadic adjustment scale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 348–358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00296.x
34.
JordanA.SmithP.RodhamK. (2018). Bittersweet: a qualitative exploration of mothers’ experiences of raising a single surviving twin. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 23(8), 891–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1434215
35.
KimY. N.ChoiD. W.KimD. S.ParkE. C.KwonJ. Y. (2021). Maternal age and risk of early neonatal mortality: A national cohort study. Nature, 11(1), 814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-80968-4
36.
Kokou-KpolouK.MegalakakiO.NieuviartsN. (2018). Persistent depressive and grief symptoms for up to 10 years following perinatal loss: Involvement of negative cognitions. Journal of Affective Disorders, 241(1), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.063
37.
KreislerL. (1978). A criança psicossomática. Editorial Estampa.
38.
LevandowskiD.C.FrizzoG.B.DonelliT.M.WendlandJ.MaiaG. N.VescoviG. (2016). Fatores de Risco para Sintomas Psicofuncionais em Bebês de Mães Jovens: Foco na Idade, na Saúde Mental e no Luto Materno. Projeto de Pesquisa não Publicado.
39.
MahlerM. S. (1982). O processo de separação-individuação. Jorge Zahar.
40.
MaiaG. N.FrizzoG. B.LevandowskiD. C. (2020). Psychofunctional symptoms in infants of young mothers: Association with maternal mental health and parental bonding.Early Human Development, 141(3), 104938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104938
41.
MartyP. (1993). A Psicossomática do adulto. Artes Médicas.
42.
McDougallJ. (1996). Teatros do corpo: O psicossoma em psicanálise. Martins Fontes.
NUDIF (2008). Ficha de dados sociodemográficos. Instituto de Psicologia – UFRGS, Instrumento Não Publicado.
45.
OrdóñezE. F.DíazC. R.GilI. M. M.ManzanaresM. T. L. (2020). Post-traumatic stress disorder after subsequent birth to a gestational loss: An observational study. Salud Mental, 43(3), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.018
46.
Robert-TissotC. C.Rusconi-SerpaS.BachmanJ.-P.BessonG.CramerB.KnauerD.Palacio-EspasaF (1989). Le questionnaire “sympton check-list”. In LeboviciS.MazetP.VisierJ. P. (Eds.), L’evaluation des interactions précoces entre le bébé et ses partenaires (pp. 179–186). Paris: Eshel.
47.
TakeishiY.NakamuraY.YoshidaM.KawajiriM.AtogamiF.YoshizawaT. (2021) Associations between coparenting relationships and maternal depressive symptoms and negative bonding to infant. Healthcare, 9(4), 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040375
48.
TissotH.FavezN.FrascaroloF.DesplandJ. N. (2016). Coparenting behaviors as mediators between postpartum parental depressive symptoms and toddler’s symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1912. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01912
49.
TreyvaudK.DoyleL. W.LeeK. J.UreA.InderT. E.HuntR. W.AndersonP. J. (2016). Parenting behavior at 2 years predicts school-age performance at 7 years in very preterm children. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(7), 814–821. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12489
50.
VescoviG.EssweinG. C.LevandowskiD. C. (2017). Questionário sobre vivências de Perdas (Instrumento não publicado). NEEDS/UFCSPA.
51.
WangZ.XuJ. (2017). Association between resilience and quality of life in wenchuan earthquake shidu parents: The mediating role of social support. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(7), 859–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-017-0099-6
52.
WangabH.ChaiyawatW.YunibhandaJ. (2021). Struggling to live a new normal life among Chinese women after losing an only child: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.11.004
53.
WinnicottD. W. (1960/1990). O ambiente e os processos de maturação. Artes Médicas.
54.
WinnicottD. W. (1978/2000). A preocupação materna primária. In WinnicottD. W. (Ed.), Textos selecionados: Da Pediatria à Psicanálise. Bogomoletz, Trand). Rio de Janeiro: Imago: D.
55.
ZhangM.YangB. Y.SunY.QianZ.XaveriusP. K.AaronH. E.ZhaoX.ZhangZ.LiuR.DongG. H.YinC.YueW. (2022). Non-linear relationship of maternal age with risk of spontaneous abortion: A case-control study in the China birth cohort. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 933654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.11
56.
ZhouN.WenJ.StelzerE.KillikellyCYuW.XuXShiGLuoH.WangJ.MaerckerA. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of prolonged grief disorder in Chinese parents bereaved by losing their only child. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112766
