The Special Hospital Service Authority for England and Wales undertook an extensive international literature review on seclusion as a basis for a proposed extended research project on seclusion in the Special Hospital system. The review highlighted the theoretical foundations of seclusion to be based on therapy, containment or punishment; however, there appeared little work carried out in examining the underlying attitude to these central themes. It was suggested that a further level of analysis, by measuring these attitudes along a benevolent-malevolent scale, may prove helpful in advancing our conceptual understanding of the role seclusion plays as a psychiatric intervention.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AngoldA. (1989) Seclusion. Br. J. Psychiat.154, 437–44.
2.
AppelbaumP. S.GutheilT. G. (1980) The Boston State Hospital case: “involuntary mind control”, the constitution and “the right to rot”. Am. J. Psychiat.137, 720–3.
3.
BartonW. E. (1962) Administration in Psychiatry. Springfield IL. Charles C. Thomas.
4.
BerlinI. N. (1975) Advocacy for Child Mental Health. New York. Brunner/Mazel.
5.
BinderR. L. (1979) The use of seclusion on an in-patient crisis intervention unit. Hosp. Commun. Psychiat.30, 4, 266–9.
6.
BinderR. L.McCoyS. M. (1983) A study of patients attitudes towards placement in seclusion. Hosp. Commun. Psychiat.34, 11, 1052–4.
7.
CampbellW.ShepardH.FalconerF. (1982) The use of seclusion. Nursing Times. 27 Oct. 1821–5.
8.
CarpenterM. D.HannonV. R.McCleeryG.WanderlingJ. A. (1988) Variations in seclusion and restraint practices by hospital location. Hosp. and Commun. Psychiat.39, 4, 418–23.
9.
ConvertinoK.PintoR. P.FiestaA. R. (1980) Use of inpatient seclusion at a community mental health centre. Hosp. and Comm. Psychiat.31, 848.
10.
FitzgeraldR. G. I. (1973) Seclusion in the treatment and management of severely disturbed manic and depressed patients. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.11, 59–64.
11.
FreedmanS.GreenblattM. (1960) Studies in isolation: hallucinations and other cognitive findings. US Armed Forces Med. J.11, 1479–97
12.
GentilinJ. (1987) Room restrictions: a therapeutic prescription. J. Psychosocial Nursing.25, 7, 12–6
13.
GerlockA.SolomonsH. C. (1983) Factors associated with the seclusion of psychiatric patients. Perspectives in Psychiat. Care.21, 2, 47–53.
14.
GibsonB. (1989) The use of seclusion. Nursing3, 43, 24–6.
15.
GrassianS.FrieidmanN. (1986) Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement. Int. J. Law Psychiat.8, 49–65.
16.
GutheilT. G. (1978) Observations on the theoretical bases for seclusion of the psychiatric in-patient. Am. J. Psychiat.135, 325–8.
17.
HammillK.McEvoyJ. P.KoralH.SchneiderN. (1989) Hospitalised schizophrenic patient views about seclusion. J. Psychiat.50, 174–7.
18.
HarrisA. (1957) Sensory deprivation and schizophrenia. J. Ment. Sci.105, 235–7.
19.
HeymanE. (1987) Seclusion. J. Psychosocial Nursing Ment. Health Serv.25, 11, 8–12, 35, 37.
20.
HodgkinsonP. (1985) The use of seclusion. Med. Sci. Law.25, 3, 215–22.
21.
KeithC. (1984) The Aggressive Adolescent. New York. Free Press.
22.
KilgalenR.K. (1977) The effective use of seclusion. J. Psychiat. Nurs. and Ment. Health Serv.15, 1, 22–5.
23.
LionJ. R.SnyderW.MerrillG. L. (1981) Underreporting of assaults on staff in a state hospital. Hosp. Commun. Psychiat.32, 7, 497–8.
24.
MattsonM. R.SacksM. H. (1978) Seclusion: uses and complications. Am. J. Psychiat.135, 1210–13.
25.
McCoyS. M.GarritsonS. (1983) Seclusion, the process of intervening. J. Psychosocial Nursing and Ment. Health Serv.21, 8, 6–15.
26.
MendelW.GreenG. (1967) Therapeutic Management of Psychol. Illness. New York: Basic Books.
27.
MillsM. J. (1981) The continuing clinicolegal conundrum of the Boston State Hospital case. Medico-Legal News.9, 9–18
28.
MorrisonP.LeRoux B. (1987) The practice of seclusion. Nurs. Times (Occ. Paper). 83, No. 19.
29.
MorrisonP. (1990) A multidimensional scalogram analysis of the use of seclusion in acute psychiatric settings. J. Advanced Nurs.15, 1, 59–66.
30.
MyersS. (1980) Seclusion: a last resort measure. Perspectives in Psychiat. Care.26, 3, 24–8
31.
OldhamJ. M.RussakoffL. M.PrusnofskyL. (1983) Seclusion: patterns and milieu. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis.171, 11, 645–60.
32.
PhilipsP.NasrS. J. (1983) Seclusion and restraint and prediction of violence. Am. J. Psychiat.140, 2, 229–32.
33.
PiletteP. C. (1978) The tyranny of seclusion: a brief essay. J. Psychiat. Nurs.16, 10, 19–21.
34.
PlutchikR.KarasuT. B.ConteH. R.SiegalB.JerretI.(1978) Toward a rationale for the seclusion process. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis.166, 10, 571–9.
35.
RamchandaniD.AkhtarS.HelfrichJ. (1981) Seclusion of psychiatric in-patients: a general hospital perspective. Int. J. Soc. Psychiat.27, 309–15.
36.
RedmondF. C. (1980) Study on the use of seclusion. Quality Review Bull.6, 8, 20–3.
37.
RichardsonB. K. (1987) Psychiatric inpatients perceptions of the seclusion room experience. Nursing Res.36, 4, 234–8.
38.
RosenH.DiGiacomoJ. W. (1978) The Role of physical restraint in the treatment of psychiatric illness. J. Clin. Psychiat.39 (3), 228–33.
39.
Royal College Of Psychiatrists (1990) The seclusion of psychiatric patients. Psychiat. Bull.14, 500–1.
40.
SchwabP. J.LahmeyerC. B. (1979) The uses of seclusion on a general hospital psychiatric unit. J. Clin. Psychiat.40, 228–31.
41.
SolidayS. M. (1985) A comparison of patient and staff attitudes toward seclusion. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis.173, 5, 282–6.
42.
SoloffP. H.TurnerS. M. (1981) Patterns of seclusion. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis.169, 1, 37–44.
43.
SoloffP. H.GutheilT. G.WexlerD. B. (1985) Seclusion and restraint in 1985. A review and update. Hosp. and Comm. Psychiat.36, 6, 652–7.
44.
SoloffP. H. (1987) Physical controls: the use of seclusion and restraint in modern psychiatric practice. In: RothL. H. (Ed). Clinical Treatment and Management of the Violent Person. Guildford Press.
45.
ThompsonP. (1986) The use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals in the Newcastle area. Br. J. Psychiat.149, 471–4.
46.
ThompsonP. (1987) Trends in seclusion practice in the Newcastle area. Bull. Roy. Coll. Psychiat.2, 82–4.
47.
WadesonH.CarpenterW. T. (1976) Impact of the seclusion room experience. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis.163, 318–28.
48.
WayB. B.BanksS. M. (1990) Use of seclusion and restraint in public psychiatric hospitals: patient characteristics and facility effects. Hosp. and Commun. Psychiat.41, 1, 75–81.
49.
WellsD. A. (1972) Use of seclusion on a university hospital psychiatric floor. Arch. Gen. Psychiat.26, 410–13.
50.
WhaleyM. S.RamirezL.F. (1980) The use of seclusion rooms and physical restraints in the treatment of psychiatric patients. J. Psychiat. Nursing Ment. Health Servs.18, 13–6.
