This paper uses data produced by the Ministry of Justice to look for trends in the numbers of various categories of patients detained under the Mental Health Act in England and Wales between 2003 and 2016. Specifically, we have focussed on patients detained with Ministry of Justice restrictions in place. The number of ‘restricted’ patients, who are largely detained in secure psychiatric hospitals, has risen substantially during this period. If this trend continues, there will be the need for further expansion of secure psychiatric beds in the years ahead. Factors driving the increased number of restricted patients are discussed in this paper.
RobertsonGDellSJamesKet al.
Psychotic men remanded in custody to Brixton Prison.Br J Psychiatry1994;
164:55–61.
2.
BirminghamLMasonDGrubinD.Prevalence of mental disorder in remand prisoners: consecutive case study.BMJ1996;313:1521–1524.
3.
BebbingtonPJakobowitzSMcKenzieNet al.
Assessing needs for psychiatric treatment in prisoners: 1. Prevalence of disorder.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol2017;
52:221–229.
4.
HillSAMitchellPLeipoldA.Transfers of mentally disordered adolescents from custodial settings to psychiatric hospital in England and Wales 2004–2014.J Forens Psychiatry Psychol2017;
28:1–9.
5.
DavorenMFitzpatrickMCaddowFet al.
Older men and older women remand prisoners: mental illness, physical illness, offending patterns and needs.Int Psychogeriatr2015;
27:747–755.
6.
AyirolimeethalARageshGRamanujamJMet al.
Psychiatric morbidity among prisoners.Indian J Psychiatry2014;
56:150–153.
7.
BrownGPHirdesJPFriesBE.Measuring the prevalence of current, severe symptoms of mental health problems in a Canadian correctional population: implications for delivery of mental health services for inmates.Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol2015;
59:27–50.
8.
FazelSDaneshJ.Serious mental disorder in 23000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys.Lancet2002;
359:545–550.
9.
HillSAArgentSLolleyJet al.
Characteristics of male patients admitted to an adolescent secure forensic psychiatric hospital.J Forens Psychiatry Psychol2016;
27:21–37.
10.
FrielAWhiteT.Outcome of referral to a prison mental health team.Med Sci Law2006;
46:321–327.
11.
WhitePChantDWhitefordH.A comparison of Australian men with psychotic disorders remanded for criminal offences and a community group of psychotic men who have not offended.Aust N Z J Psychiatry2006;
40:260–265.
12.
BrookeDTaylorCGunnJet al.
Point prevalence of mental disorder in unconvicted male prisoners in England and Wales.BMJ1996;
313:1524–1527.
13.
WolffHCasillasAPernegerTet al.
Self-harm and overcrowding among prisoners in Geneva, Switzerland.Int J Prison Health2016;
12:39–44.
14.
Ministry of Justice. Restricted Patients 2016 England and Wales. Ministry of Justice Statistics Bulletin, 27 April 2017, London, UK.
KeownPMurphyHMcKennaDet al.
Changes in the use of the Mental Health Act 1983 in England 1984/85 to 2015/16.Br J Psychiatry2018;
213:595–599.
18.
DukeLHFurtadoVGuoBet al.
Long-stay in forensic-psychiatric care in the UK. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol2018;
53:313–321.
19.
TracyDKWoodDMBaumeisterD.Novel psychoactive substances: identifying and managing acute and chronic harmful use. BMJ2017;
356:i6814.
20.
MackayRDKearnsG.More fact(s) about the insanity defence. Crim Law Rev1999;
714:725.
21.
WestDJWalkA (eds). Daniel McNaughton: his trial and the aftermath.
Springer Science & Business Media,
Berlin, Germany, 1977.
22.
Lucinda Vowles &Ors, R. v [2015] EWCA Crim 45.
23.
HillSA.The future of medium secure forensic psychiatry in Britain: a survey.Med Sci Law2006;
46:245–247.
24.
EdgeDWalkerTMeacockRet al.
Secure pathways for women in the UK: lessons from the women’s enhanced medium secure services (WEMSS) pilots.J Forens Psychiatry Psychol2017;
28:206–225.
25.
PriebeSBadesconyiAFiorittiAet al.
Reinstitutionalisation in mental health care: comparison of data on service provision from six European countries.BMJ2005;
330:123–126.
26.
HodginsSMüller-IsbernerRAllaireJF.Attempting to understand the increase in the number of forensic beds in Europe: a multi-site study of patients in forensic and general psychiatric services.Int J Forensic Mental Health2006;
5:173–184.
27.
Jansman-HartEMSetoMCCrockerAGet al.
International trends in demand for forensic mental health services.Int J Forensic Mental Health2011;
10:326–336.
28.
SalizeHJSchandaHDressingH.From the hospital into the community and back again – a trend towards re-institutionalisation in mental health care?Int Rev Psychiatry2008;
20:527–534.
29.
FakhouryWPriebeS.Deinstitutionalization and reinstitutionalization: major changes in the provision of mental healthcare.Psychiatry2007;
6:313–316.
30.
WalmsleyR.World female imprisonment list.
London:
International Centre for Prison Studies, 2006.
