America's Health Care System and its Future: The View of a Despairing Optimist

Aaron, H. J. Serious and Unstable Condition: Financing America's Health Care. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1991.

Andersen, R. , J. Kravits , and O. W. Anderson . "The Public's View of the Crisis in Medical Care: An Impetus for Change in Delivery Systems?" Economics and Business Bulletin 24, no. 1 (Fall 1971): 44-52.

Anderson, O. The Evolution of Health Services Research: Personal Reflections on Applied Social Science. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.

Assistant Secretary for Health . Healthy People: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. DHHS Publication no. (PHS) 91-50213. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

Assistant Secretary for Health Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. DHEW (PHS) Publication no. 7955071. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.

Ball, R. M. , and T. N. Bethell . Because We're All in This Together. Washington, DC: Families U.S.A. Foundation, 1989.

Blendon, R. J. , and K. Donelan . "The Public and the Emerging Debate over National Health Insurance." New England Journal of Medicine 323, no. 3 (July 1990): 208-212.

Blendon, R. J. , and J. N. Edwards . "Caring for the Uninsured: Choices for Reform." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 19 (15 May 1991): 2563-2565.

Blendon, R. J. , and H. Taylor . "Views on Health Care: Public Opinion in Three Nations." Health Affairs 8, no. 1 (Spring 1989): 149-157.

Brook, R. "Health, Health Insurance, and the Uninsured." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 22 (12 June 1991): 2998-3000.

Brown, L. D. "The National Politics of Oregon's Rationing Plan." Health Affairs 10, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 28-51.

Bunker, J. P. , D. S. Gomby , and B. H. Kehrer . Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 1989.

Cherlin, A. J. , F. F. Furstenberg, Jr. , P. L. Chase-Lansdale , K. E. Kiernan , P. K. Robins , D. R. Morrison , and J. O. Teitler . "Longitudinal Studies of the Effects of Divorce on Children in Great Britain and the United States." Science 252 (7 June 1991): 1386-1389.

Dougherty, C. J. "Setting Health Care Priorities: Oregon's Next Steps: A Conference Report." Hastings Center Report 21, no. 3 (May-June 1991): 1-11.

Dubos, R. Mirage of Health. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959.

Dutton, D. B. "Social Class, Health, and Illness." In Applications of Social Science to Clinical Medicine and Health Policy. Edited by L. H. Aiken and D. Mechanic . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.

Eddy, D. "What's Going On in Oregon?" Journal of the American Medical Association 266, no. 3 (17 July 1991): 417-420.

Eisenberg, J. "Economics." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 23 (19 June 1991): 3113-3115.

Enthoven, A. Health Plan: The Only Practical Solution to the Cost of Medical Care. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1980.

Enthoven, A. . "Health Tax Policy Mismatch." Health Affairs 4, no. 4 (Winter 1985): 5-14.

Enthoven, A. , and R. Kronick . "A Consumer Choice Health Plan for the 1990s. Part 1 and 2." New England Journal of Medicine 320, nos. 1 and 2 (1989): 29-37, 94-101.

Etheredge, L. "Negotiating National Health Insurance." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 16, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 157-167.

Etzioni, A. "Too Many Rights, Too Few Responsibilities." Society 28, no. 2 (January-February 1991): 41-48.

Fox, D. M. Health Policies, Health Politics: The British and American Experience 1911-1965. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Fox, D. M. , and D. C. Schaffer . "Health Policy and ERISA: Interest Groups and Semipreemption." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 14, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 239-260.

Frank, J. D. , and J. B. Frank . Persuasion and Healing. 3rd ed. New York: Schocken Books, 1991.

Freeman, H., K. J. Kiecolt , and H. M. Allen, I.I. "Community Health Centers: An Initiative of Enduring Quality." Milbank Quarterly 60, no. 2 (Spring 1982): 245-267.

Fuchs, V. "The `Competition Revolution' in Health Care." Health Affairs 7, no. 3 (Summer 1988): 5-24.

Fuchs, V. . "The Growing Demand for Medical Care." New England Journal of Medicine 279, no. 4 (25 July 1968): 190-195.

Fuchs, V. , and J. S. Hahn . "How Does Canada Do It?: A Comparison of Expenditures for Physicians' Services in the United States and Canada." New England Journal of Medicine 323, no. 13 (27 September 1990): 884-890.

Gabel, J. , S. DiCarlo , C. Sullivan , and T. Rice . "Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance, 1989." Health Affairs 9, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 161-175.

Geiger, J. "Community Health Centers: Health Care as an Instrument of Social Change." In Reforming Medicine's Lessons of the Last Quarter Century. Edited by V. W. Sidel and R. Sidel . New York: Pantheon, 1984.

Greenberg, J. , W. Leutz , M. Greenlick , J. Malone , S. Erwin , and D. Kodner . "The Social HMO Demonstration: Early Experience." Health Affairs 7, no. 3 (Summer 1988): 66-79.

Hadley, J. , E. P. Steinberg , and J. Feder . "Comparison of Uninsured and Privately Insured Hospital Patients: Condition on Admission, Resource Use and Outcome." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 3 (16 January 1991): 374-379.

Hadorn, D. C. "The Oregon Priority-Setting Exercise: Quality of Life and Public Policy." Hastings Center Report 21, no. 3 (May-June 1991): 11-16.

Harrington, C. , and R. J. Newcomer . "Social Health Maintenance Organizations' Service Use and Costs, 1985-89." Health Care Financing Review 12, no. 3 (Spring 1991): 37-52.

Health Insurance Association of America . Source Book of Health Insurance Data. Washington, DC: HIAA, 1990.

Himmelstein, D. U. , and S. Woolhandler . "Cost without Benefit: Administrative Waste in U.S. Health Care." New England Journal of Medicine 314, no. 7 (13 February 1986): 441-445.

Hirschman, A. 0. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Declines in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.

Institute of Medicine . Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1991.

Jajich-Toth, C. , and B. W. Roper . "Americans' Views on Health Care: A Study in Contradictions." Health Affairs 9, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 149-157.

Jajich-Toth, C. , and B. W. Roper . "Basing Policy on Survey Data: Proceed with Caution." Health Affairs 10, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 170-172.

Journal of the American Medical Association. Special Edition: "Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured." vol. 256, no. 19 (1991).

Kark, S. L. , and A. Steuart . A Practice of Social Medicine. Edinburgh: ETS Livingstone, 1962.

Kemper, P. , R. Applebaum , and M. Harrigan . "Community Care Demonstrations: What Have We Learned?" Health Care Financing Review 8, no. 4 (Summer 1987): 37-52.

Kitzhaber, J. A. "The Oregon Model." In The Richard and Linda Rosenthal Lectures. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, 1990.

Law, S. Blue Cross: What Went Wrong? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974.

Leventhal, H. , T. R. Prohaska , and R. S. Hirschman . "Preventive Health Behavior across the Life Span." In Prevention in Health Psychology. Edited by J. C. Rosen and L. J. Solomon . Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1985.

Levit, K. R. , H. C. Lazenby , C. A. Cowan , and S. W. Letsch . "National Health Expenditures, 1990." Health Care Financing Review 13, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 29-54.

Levit, K. R. , H. C. Lazenby , S. W. Letsch , and C. A. Cowan . "National Health Care Spending, 1989." Health Affairs 10 (1991): 117-130.

Lewis, C. E. , F. Fein , and D. Mechanic . A Right to Health: The Problem of Access to Primary Medical Care. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1976.

Lohr, K. N. , R. H. Brook , C. J. Kamberg , G. A. Goldberg , A. Leibowitz , J. Keesey , D. Reboussin , and J. P. Newhouse . Use of Medical Care in the RAND Health Insurance Experiment: Diagnosis-and Service-Specific Analyses in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Publication no. R-3469HHS. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, December 1986.

Luft, H. Health Maintenance Organizations: Dimensions of Performance. New Brunswick, NJ: Transactions Publishers, 1987.

Marmor, T. R. The Politics of Medicare. Chicago: Aldine, 1973.

McCord, C. , and H. P. Freeman . "Excess Mortality in Harlem." New England Journal of Medicine 322, no. 3 (18 January 1990): 173-177.

Mechanic, D. "Approaches to Controlling the Costs of Medical Care: Short-Range and Long-Range Alternatives." New England Journal of Medicine 298, no. 5 (2 February 1978a): 249-254.

Mechanic, D. . "Considerations in the Design of Mental Health Benefits under National Health Insurance." American Journal of Public Health 68, no. 5 (May 1978b): 482-488.

Mechanic, D. "Consumer Choice among Health Insurance Options." Health Affairs 8, no. 1 (Spring 1989a): 138-148.

Mechanic, D. Future Issues in Health Care: Social Policy and the Rationing of Medical Services. New York: Free Press, 1979.

Mechanic, D. Medical Sociology. 2d ed. New York: Free Press, 1978c.

Mechanic, D. Mental Health and Social Policy. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989b.

Mechanic, D. "Promoting Health." Society 27, no. 2 (January-February 1990): 16-22.

Mechanic, D. "Recent Developments in Mental Health: Perspectives and Services." Annual Review of Public Health 12 (1991a): 1-15.

Mechanic, D. "Some Dilemmas in Health Care Policy." Milbank Quarterly 59, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 1-15.

Mechanic, D. "Sources of Countervailing Power in Medicine." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 16, no. 3 (Fall 1991b): 485-498.

Mechanic, D. . "Strategies for Health Promotion." Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Health Behavior Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Academy for Health Behavioral Research, September 21-29, 1991c.

Mechanic, D. , and L. H. Aiken . "Access to Health Care and Use of Medical Care Services." In Handbook of Medical Sociology. 4th ed. Edited by H. Freeman and S. Levine . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989.

Mechanic, D. , and L. H. Aiken . "Caring and the Structure of Health Care Services." Paper presented at the Conference on the Caring Physician. Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, 1991.

Mechanic, D. , and R. Faich . "Doctors in Revolt: The Crisis in the National Health Service." Medical Care 8, no. 6 (November-December 1970): 442-455.

Mechanic, D. , and D. Rochefort . "Deinstitutionalization: An Appraisal of Reform." Annual Review of Sociology 16 (1990): 301-327.

National Center for Health Statistics . Health, United States, 1990. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 1991.

Office of National Cost Estimates . "National Health Expenditures, 1988." Health Care Financing Review 11, no. 4 (Summer 1990): 1-54.

Office of Technology Assessment . Neonatal Intensive Care for Low Birth Weight Infants: Costs and Effectiveness. Publication no. OTA-HCS-38. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.

Office of Technology Assessment . Technology and Aging in America. Publication no. OTA-BA264. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.

Pauly, M. V. "Review of `Caring for the Disabled Elderly'." Health Affairs 7, no. 4 (Fall 1988): 169-172.

Payer, L. Medicine and Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France. New York: Henry Holt, 1988.

Pepper Commission . A Call for Action: Final Report of the U. S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health, 1985. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.

Rice, D. , and J. Feldman . "Living Longer in the United States: Demographic Changes and Health Needs of the Elderly." Milbank Quarterly 61, no. 3 (Summer 1983): 362-396.

Rivlin, A. M. "Agreed: Here Comes National Health Insurance." New York Times Magazine (21 July 1974): 8.

Rivlin, A. M. , and J. M. Wiener . Caring for the Disabled Elderly: Who Will Pay? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1988.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation . Medical Education in Transition: The Sciences of Medical Practice. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1992.

Rochefort, D. "Canadian Mental Health Services: A Comparative Analysis of Trends and Policy Issues." Paper presented at the 20th Anniversary Conference of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, Boston, MA, 1992.

Rosenberg, C. E. The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Russell, L. B. Is Prevention Better Than Cure? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1986.

Russell, L. B. . Medicare's New Hospital Payment System: Is it Working? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1989.

Russell, M. A. H. , J. A. Stapleton , P. H. Jackson , P. Hajek , and M. Belcher . "District Programme to Reduce Smoking: Effect of Clinic Supported Brief Intervention by General Practitioners." British Medical Journal 295, no. 6608 (14 November 1987): 1240-1244.

Russell, M. A. H. , C. Wilson , D. Taylor , and C. D. Baker . "Effect of General Practitioners' Advice against Smoking." British Medical Journal 2, no. 6184 (28 July 1979): 231-235.

Siu, A. L. , F. A. Sonnenberg , W. G. Manning , F. Goldberg , E. S. Bloomfield , J. P. Newhouse , and R. H. Brook . "Inappropriate Use of Hospitals in a Randomized Trial of Health Insurance Plans." New England Journal of Medicine 315, no. 20 (13 November 1986): 1259-1266.

Somers, A. R. "Insurance for Long-Term Care: Some Definitions, Problems, and Guidelines for Action." New England Journal of Medicine 317, no. 1 (2 July 1987): 23-29.

Somers, H. M. , and A. R. Somers . Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance. Garden City, NY: Anchor-Doubleday, 1961.

Sonnefeld, S. T. , D. R. Waldo , J. A. Lemieux , and D. R. McKusick . "Projections of National Health Expenditures through the Year 2000." Health Care Financing Review 13, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 1-27.

Starr, P. The Social Transformation of American Medicine. New York: Basic Books, 1982.

Stevens, R. In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century. New York: Basic Books, 1989.

Svarstad, B. "Patient-Practitioner Relationships and Compliance with Prescribed Medical Regimens." In Applications of Social Science to Clinical Medicine and Health Policy. Edited by L. H. Aiken and D. Mechanic . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.

Thomas, L. "On the Science and Technology of Medicine." Daedalus 106, no. 1 (Winter 1977): 35-46.

United States General Accounting Office . Canadian Health Insurance: Lessons for the United States. Publication no. GAO/HRD-91-90. Washington, DC: GAO, 1991.

Waitzkin, H. The Second Sickness: Contradictions of Capitalist Health Care. New York: Free Press, 1983.

Warner, K. E. "Health and Economic Implications of a Tobacco-Free Society." Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 15 (16 October 1987): 2080-2086.

Weissert, W. G. "A New Policy Agenda for Home Care." Health Affairs 10, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 67-77.

Wells, K. B. , A. Stewart , R. D. Hays , A. Burnam , W. Rogers , M. Daniels , M. S. Berry , S. Greenfield , and J. Ware . "The Functioning and Well-being of Depressed Patients: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study." Journal of the American Medical Association 262, no. 7 (18 August 1989): 914-919.

Woolhandler, S. , and D. U. Himmelstein . "The Deteriorating Administrative Efficiency of the U.S. Health Care System." New England Journal of Medicine 324, no. 18 (2 May 1991): 1253-1258.