Three adults spoke spontaneously for a total of 19 forty-minute sessions, while the experimenter tallied disfluencies. After disfluency rate stabilized, each subject was run for 14 sessions in which he was required to remain silent for a period of 10 seconds (" time-out ") contingent upon each speech disfluency. In the case of all three subjects, disfluency rate reduced essentially to zero during the early treatment sessions and remained at that low level throughout the experiment.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Brookshire, R.H. and Martin, R.R. ( 1967). The differential effects of three verbal punishers on the disfluencies of normal speakers. J. Speech Hrg. Res. , 10, 496.
2.
Cooper, E.B., Cady,Barbara B. and Robbins,C. Jean (1970). The effect of the verbal stimulus words wrong, right, and tree on the disfluency rates of stutterers and non-stutterers. J. Speech Hrg. Res., 13, 239.
3.
Haroldson, S.K., Martin, R.R. and Starr, C.D. ( 1968). Time-out as a punishment for stuttering. J. Speech Hrg. Res., 11, 560.
4.
Martin, R.R. and Haroldson, S.K. ( 1969). The effects of two treatment procedures on stuttering . J. Comm. Dis., 2, 115.
5.
Siegel, G.M. and Martin, R.R. ( 1965a). Experimental modification of disfluency in normal speakers . J. Speech Hrg. Res., 8, 235.
6.
Siegel, G.M. and Martin, R.R. ( 1966). Punishment of disfluencies in normal speakers . J. Speech Hrg. Res., 9, 208.
7.
Siegel, G.M. and Martin, R.R. ( 1965b). Verbal punishment of disfluencies in normal speakers . J. Speech Hrg. Res., 8, 245.
8.
Siegel, G.M., Lenske, JOANNE and Broen, Patricia ( 1969). Suppression of normal speech disfluencies through response cost. J. appl. Behav. Anal., 2, 265.
