Talkers were instructed to read neutral sentences and ‘sound happy’, or ‘sound bored’, etc. Listeners attempted to identify the intended mode of expression drawing their responses from a limited number of alternatives. Results are presented showing how the identification of modes of expression is affected by: (1) number of response alternatives, (2) noise, (3) whispering, and (4) temporal sampling. Reasonably high levels of performance may be achieved under conditions of reduced acoustic information.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allport, G. W. and Vernon, P. E. (1933). Studies in Expressive Movement (New York).
2.
Clarke, F. R. (1957). Constant-ratio rule of confusion matrices in speech communications. J. acoust. Soc. Amer., 29, 715.
3.
Denes, P. (1959). A preliminary investigation of certain aspects of intonation. Language and Speech, 2, 106.
4.
Fry, D. B. (1958). Experiments in the perception of stress. Language and Speech, 1, 126.
5.
Lieberman, P. (1960). Some acoustic correlates of word stress in American English. J. acoust. Soc. Amer., 32, 451.
6.
Meyer-Eppler, W. (1957). Realization of prosodic features in whispered speech. J. acoust. Soc. Amer., 29, 104.
7.
Ochiai, Y. (1959). Phoneme and voice identification studies using Japanese vowels. Language and Speech, 2, 132.
8.
Pollack, I., Pickett, J. M. and Sumby, W. (1954). On the identification of speakers by voice. J. acoust. Soc. Amer., 26, 403.
9.
Shearme, J. N. and Holmes, J. N. (1959). An experiment concerning the recognition of voices. Language and Speech, 2, 123.
