Adaptive behavior and mental retardation are addressed in terms of their historical relationship, current definitions and concepts, and issues related to structure and content. The role of community environmental factors in the adaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons is examined and the implications of using adaptive behavior measures is presented through an illustrative case study. It is argued that there are still critical needs for the development of sound theories and models of adaptive behavior to guide future research and practice, especially in the design of interventions to enhance the adjustment and opportunities for people with disabilities.
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