The paper reviews research on normally hearing students that has implications for understanding the motivation of hearing-impaired students. The author reviews research on hearing-impaired students in order to make suggestions concerning their motivational determinants. An important proposition is that classroom motivational orientation of students depends upon which orientation is rewarded and encouraged. This paper focuses on 3 orientations: autonomy, competition, and cooperation. While orientation has its benefits and drawbacks, each deserves a place in the educational program.
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