The phrase "least restrictive alternative" has repeatedly appeared in professional literature and in legislation. Despite the prevalence of the phrase, there is reason to believe that the concept is neither well defined nor simple to implement properly. This article traces the probable history of the least restrictive alternative and relates some concerns about actual implementation. A number of specific problems are recounted, particularly the field's reliance on administrative-determined norm-based special placements. Similarly, some ameliorative alternatives are suggested, chief among them the need to determine restriction based on the likelihood of achieving ecologically determined goals. Finally, the authors conclude that conflict between norm placement and individual achievement must be resolved before least restriction can truly occur.
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