American Psychological Association
. 1993. Violence and Youth: Psychology's Response. Volume I: Summary Report of the America Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
2.
Belsky, J.1984. “The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model.”Child Development55:883-896.
3.
Cicchetti, D.
and V. Carlson, ed. 1989. Child Maltreatment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4.
Duncan, G. J.
1991. “The Economic Environment of Childhood.” Pp. 23-49 in Children in Poverty. Child Development and Public Policy, edited by Aletha C. Huston. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5.
Elder, G. H.
1974. Children of the Great Depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Elder, G. H.
and A. Caspi. 1988. “Human Development and Social Change: An Emerging Perspective on the Life Course.” Pp. 77-113 in Persons in Context: Developmental Processes, edited by N. Bolger, A. Caspi, G. Downey, and M. Moorehouse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7.
Emery, R. E.
, F. D. Fincham, and E. M. Cummings. 1992. “Parenting in Context: Systemic Thinking About Parental Conflict and Its Influence on Children.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology60:909-912.
8.
Garbarino, J.
1989. “The Incidence and Prevalence of Child Maltreatment.” pp. 219-261 in Family Violence, edited by L. Ohlin and M. Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9.
Garbarino, J.
and M. C. Plantz. 1986. “Child Abuse and Juvenile Delinquency: What Are the Links?” pp. 27-39 in Troubled Youth, Troubled Families. Understanding Families at Risk for Adolescent Maltreatment, edited by J. Garbarino, C. J. Schellenbach, and Associates. New York: Aldine.
10.
Garmezy, N.1987. “Stress, Competence, and Development.”American Journal of Orthopsychiatry57:159-174.
11.
Johnson, B. D.
, T. Williams, K. A. Dei, and H. Sanabria. 1990. “Drug Abuse in the Inner City: Impact on Hard-Drug Users and the Community.” Pp. 9-67 in Drugs and Crime, edited by M. Tonry and J. Q. Wilson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12.
Katz, J.
1988. Seductions of Crime. New York: Basic Books.
13.
Kruttschnitt, C.
and R. Gartner. 1993. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Gender, Crime, and Criminal Justice.”Journal of Quantitative Criminology9:323-327.
14.
Le Blanc, M.
and R. Loeber. 1993. “Precursors, Causes and the Development of Criminal Offending.” Pp. 233-263 in Precursors and Causes in Development and Psychopathology, edited by D. F. Hay and A. Angold. New York: Wiley.
15.
Lewis, D. O.
, C. Mallouh, and V. Webb. 1989. “Child Abuse, Delinquency, and Violent Criminality.” Pp. 707-721 in Child Maltreatment, edited by D. Cicchetti and V. Carlson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16.
Loeber, R.
1988. “Behavioral Precursors and Accelerators of Delinquency.” Pp. 51-67 in Explaining Crime, edited by W. Buikhuisen and S. A. Mednick. London: Brill.
17.
Loney, J.
, J. Kramer, and R. S. Milich. 1982. “The Hyperactive Child Grows Up: Predictors of Symptoms, Delinquency, and Achievement at Follow-up.” Pp. 381-415 in Psychosocial Aspects of Drug Treatment for Hyperactivity, edited by K. D. Gadow and J. Loney. Boulder, CO: Westview.
18.
Long, J. V.F.
, and G. E. Vaillant. 1984. “Natural History of Male Psychological Health. XI: Escape From the Underclass.”American Journal of Psychiatry141:341-346.
19.
Magnusson, D.
1988. Individual Development from an Interactional Perspective: A Longitudinal Study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
20.
McLoyd, V. C.1990. “The Impact of Economic Harship on Black Families and Children: Psychological Distress, Parenting, and Socioemotional Development.”Child Development61:311-346.
21.
Patterson, G.
1986. “Maternal Rejection: Determinant or Product for Deviant Child Behavior?” Pp. 73-94 in Relationships and Development, edited by W. W. Hartup and Z. Rubin. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
22.
Rollins, B. C.
and D. L. Thomas. 1979. “Parental Support, Power, and Control Techniques in the Socialization of Children.” Pp. 317-364 in Contemporary Theories About the Family. Vol. 1, edited by W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, and I. L. Reiss. New York: Free Press.
23.
Werner, E. E.1989. “High-Risk Children in Young Adulthood.”American Journal of Orthopsychiatry59:72-81.
24.
Widom, C. S.1989. “The Cycle of Violence. Science244:160-166.