Unemployment and Crime: Differencing is no Substitute for Modeling

Allan, E. A. and D. J. Steffensmeier . 1989. “Youth, Unemployment and Property Crime: Differential Effects on Job Availability and Job Quality on Juvenile and Young Arrest Rates.” American Sociological Review 54:107-123.

Cantor, D. and K. C. Land . 1985. “Unemployment and Crime Rates in the Post-World War II United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.” American Sociological Review 50:317-332.

Cantor, D. and K. C. Land . 1991. “Exploring Possible Temporal Relationships of Unemployment and Crime: A Comment on Hale and Sabbagh.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28:418-425.

Cohen, L. E. , M. Felson , and K. C. Land . 1980. “Property Crime Rates in the United States: A Macrodynamic Analysis, 1947-1977; With Ex Ante Forecasts for the Mid-1980s.” American Journal of Sociology 86:90-118.

Cohen, L. E. and K. C. Land . 1987. “Age Structure and Crime: Symmetry vs. Assymetry and the Projection of Crime Rates Through the 1990s.” American Sociological Review 52:170-183.

Devine, J. A. , J. F. Sheley , and M. D. Smith . 1988. “Macroeconomic and Social Policy Influences on Crime Rate Changes, 1948-1985.” American Sociological Review 53:407-420.

Hale, C. and D. Sabbagh . 1991. “Testing the Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime: A Methodological Comment and Empirical Analysis Using Time Series Data From England and Wales.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28:400-417.

Hendry, D. and G. Mizon . 1978. “Serial Correlation as a Convenient Simplification Not a Nuisance: A Comment on a Study of the Demand for Money by the Bank of England.” Economic Journal 88:549-563.

Maddala, G. S. 1988. Introduction to Economics. New York: Macmillan.