This article deals with the question of determining a future Israeli-Palestinian border within the context of an originally developed analytical framework. Following the presentation of a previous model (Tägil et al., 1977, 1984), the authors offer a greatly modified and more detailed framework for the analysis of border determination. The modified framework emphasizes factors such as national ethos and two alternative national `imperatives' (territorial and ethnic) as important determinants of borders. The article then applies the model to the Israeli case, offering detailed historical and statistical data related to the determination of a future Israeli-Palestinian border. The article demonstrates the dramatic transformation (among Israel's elites and public alike) from a territorial to ethnic imperative and from integration (annexation of the West Bank and Gaza) to separation (Israeli withdrawal from the territories). In offering a general model for studying interstate and intercommunal conflict, and in demonstrating its applicability to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this article is of immediate relevance to numerous other ethnic disputes around the world. The article, originally submitted three months prior to the Israeli-Palestinian mutual recognition of September 1993, has assumed particular importance by identifying the parameters that may determine the future borders in the Middle East.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, Benedict , 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin of the Spread of Nationalism. Revised edition. London, New York: Verso.
2.
Arian, Asher ; Ilan Talmud & Tamer Hermann, 1988. National Security and Public Opinion in Israel. Boulder, CO: Westview.
3.
Arian, Asher & Rafael Ventura, 1989. Israeli Public Opinion and the Intifadah: Changes in Public Security Attitudes: 1987-1988. Tel Aviv: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies.
4.
Arian, Asher ; Michal Shamir & Rafael Ventura, 1992. `Public Opinion and Political Change: Israel and the Intifadah', Comparative Politics, vol. 24, no. 3, April, pp. 317-334.
5.
Barzilai, Gad , 1992. A Democracy in Wartime: Conflict and Consensus in Israel. Tel Aviv: Sifriat Poalim (in Hebrew).
6.
Barzilai, Gad , 1994. `Territory, State and Power: Elections 1992 in Israel and Labour Extremism', in Efraim Karsh & Gregory Mahler, eds, Israel at the Crossroads. London: Taurus (forthcoming).
7.
Barzilai, Gad ; Giora Goldberg & Efraim Inbar, 1991. `Israeli Leadership and Public Attitudes Toward Federal Solutions for the Arab-Israeli Conflict Before and After Desert Storm', Publius, vol. 21, no. 3, Summer, pp. 191-209.
8.
Barzilai, Gad & Efraim Inbar, 1992. `Do Wars Have an Impact? Israeli Public Opinion After the Gulf War', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 14, no. 1, March, pp. 48-64.
9.
Barzilai, Gad ; Aharon Klieman & Gil Shidlo, eds, 1993. The Gulf Crisis and Its Global Aftermath. London, New York: Routledge.
10.
Blake, Gerald & Richard Schofield, 1987. Boundaries and State Territory in the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge: Gallipoli House.
11.
Campbell, Donald , 1965. `Ethnocentric and Other Altruistic Motives', pp. 283-311 in Daniel Levine, ed., Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
12.
Cohen, Saul , 1986. The Geopolitics of Israel's Border Question. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Post/Boulder, CO: Westview.
13.
Diehl, Paul & Gary Goertz, 1988. `Territorial Changes and Militarized Conflicts', Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 32, no. 1, March, pp. 103-122.
14.
Goldberg, Giora ; Gad Barzilai & Efraim Inbar, 1991. The Impact of Intercommunal Conflict: The Intifadah and Israeli Public Opinion. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute.
15.
Grundy-Warr, Carl & Richard Schofield, 1990. `Man-Made Lines That Divide the World', Geographical Magazine, vol. 62, June, pp. 10-15.
16.
Holsti, Ole , 1962. `The Belief System and National Images: A Case Study', Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 6, no. 3, September, pp. 244-252.
17.
Horowitz, Dan , 1975. Israel's Concept of Defensible Borders. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute.
18.
Horowitz, Donald , 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: California University Press.
19.
Inbar, Efraim & Giora Goldberg, 1990. `Is the Israeli Political Elite Becoming More Hawkish?'International Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, Summer, pp. 631-660.
20.
Inbar, Efraim ; Gad Barzilai & Giora Goldberg, 1994. `Positions on National Security of Israel's Ultra-Orthodox Political Leadership', International Journal of Comparative Religion, vol. 2 [forthcoming].
21.
Inbar, Michael & Efraim Yuchtman-Yaar, 1989. `The People's Image of Conflict Resolution', Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 33, no. 1, March, pp. 37-66.
22.
Kimmerling, Baruch , 1989. The Israeli State and Society: Boundaries and Frontiers. New York: State University of New York Press.
23.
Kriesberg, Louis, 1989. `Transforming Conflicts in the Middle East and Central Europe', pp. 109-131 in Kriesberg, et al., 1989.
24.
Kriesberg, Louis ; Terrell Northrup & Stuart Thorson, 1989. Intractable Conflicts and Their Transformation. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
25.
LeVine, Robert & Donald Campbell, 1972. Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflicts, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group Behavior. New York: Wiley.
26.
Lustick, Ian, 1989. `The Political Road to Binationalism: Arabs in Jewish Politics', pp. 97-123 in Peleg & Seliktar, 1989.
27.
Lustick, Ian , 1993. Unsettled States, Disputed Lands. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
28.
McClosky, Herbert , 1964. `Consensus and Ideology in American Politics', American Political Science Review, vol. 58, no. 2, June, pp. 361-382.
29.
Migdal, Joel & Baruch Kimmerling, 1993. Palestinians: the Making of a People. New York: Free Press.
30.
Peleg, Ilan , 1984. `Solutions for the Palestinian Question: Israel's Security Dilemma', Comparative Strategy, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 249-271.
31.
Peleg, Ilan , 1987. Begin's Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel's Move to the Right. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
32.
Peleg, Ilan & Ofira Seliktar, eds, 1989. The Emergence of Binational Israel. Boulder, CO: Westview.
33.
Prescott, J. R. V. , 1978. Boundaries and Frontiers. London: Croom Helm.
34.
Rekhess, Eli , 1989. `Israeli Arabs and the Arabs in the Occupied Territories: A Political Linkage and a Political Solidarity (1967-1988)', The New East, vol. 32, pp. 165-191 [in Hebrew].
35.
Rosen, Steven , 1977. Military Geography and the Military Balance in the Arab-Israel Conflict. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute.
36.
Ross, Marc , 1993. The Management of Conflict. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
37.
Russett, Bruce , 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
38.
Sandler, Shmuel , 1988. `The Protracted Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Temporal-Spatial Analysis', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 10, no. 4, December, pp. 54-78.
39.
Sandler, Shmuel & Hillel Frisch, 1984. Israel, the Palestinians and the West Bank. Lexington, KY: Lexington Books.
40.
Shamir, Michal & Asher Arian, 1990. `The Intifadah and Israeli Voters: Policy Preferences and Performance Evaluations', in Asher Arian & Michael Shamir, eds, Elections in Israel-1988. Boulder, CO: Westview.
41.
Shamir, Yaacov & Michal Shamir, 1993. `The Dynamic of Public Opinion towards Peace and Territories', Public Attitudes and the Peace Process. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University and the Tami Shtainmetz Center for Peace Research.
42.
Sprinzak, Ehud , 1991. The Ascendance of Israel's Radical Right. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press.
43.
Sprinzak, Ehud & L. Diamond, eds, 1993. Israeli Democracy Under Stress. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
44.
Sullivan, John ; Pat Walsh, Michal Shamir, David Barnum & James Gibron, 1993. `Why Politicians Are More Tolerant: Selective Recruitment and Socialization Among Political Elites in Britain, Israel, New Zealand and the United States', British Journal of Political Science, vol. 23, no. 1, January, pp. 51-76.
