Although peace research as a professional institution has lost some of its earlier
appeal, the end of the Cold War did not cause any particular identity crisis within
the field. Quite the contrary, peace research co-contributed to the end of the Cold
War via Gorbachev's `new thinking'. In a world plagued by unnecessary violence, both
actual and potential, peace research as an emancipatory conception can readily
reorientate to the study of issues relevant in the post-Cold War era. Furthermore,
there is plenty of potential to develop the methodological framework from where
Galtung and others left off. The article discusses the challenge that critical
theories pose for the ontology and epistemology of peace research, and argues that
the task of peace research should be related to transformations from politics to
violence and vice versa. Informed by critical realism and a pluralistic, republican
notion of politics, this argument proposes a direction for both peace research and
political praxis. Both should be consistent with realist ontology of
open systems and history; with epistemological relativism appropriate for
`heterodoxical' discourses; and with critical peace theories concerning
violence-prone social processes such as mystification, reification and
enemy-construction.
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