An unobtrusive measure of overt behavior and personal verbal responses is employed to examine the external validity of the Extended or Intentions Model. An application is tested involving the model's usefulness in formulating promotional strategies designed to increase the number of loan applications at a credit union.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AjzenIcek, and FishbeinMartin (1973), “Attitudinal and Normative Variables as Predictors of Specific Behaviors,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27 (July), 466–487.
2.
BettmanJames R., CaponNoel, and LutzRichard J. (1975), “Multiattribute Measurement Models and Multiattribute Attitude Theory: A Test of Construct Validity,”The Journal of Consumer Research, 1 (March), 1–15.
3.
BonfieldE. H., and KarsonMarvin J. (1975), “Goodness of Fit Measures for Regression Models with Binary Dependent Variables,” unpublished working paper, College of Commerce and Business Administration, The University of Alabama.
4.
ClawsonC. Joseph (1971), “How Useful Are 90-Day Purchase Probabilities?”Journal of Marketing, 35 (October), 43–47.
5.
CronbachLee J. (1951), “Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests,”Psychometrika, 16 (September), 297–360.
6.
DulanyDon E. (1968), “Awareness, Rules and Propositional Control: A Confrontation with S-R Behavior Theory,” in Verbal Behavior and General Behavior Theory, HortonD., and DixonT., eds., New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 340–387.
7.
FerberRobert (1949), Market Research, New York: McGraw-Hill.
8.
FishbeinMartin (1973), “The Prediction of Behavior from Attitudinal Variables,” in Advances in Communications Research, MortensenD. C., and SerenoK. K., eds., New York: Harper and Row, 3–31.
9.
FishbeinMartin (1976), “Extending the Extended Model: Some Comments,” in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. III, AndersonB. B., ed., Cincinnati: The Association for Consumer Research, 491–497.
10.
FishbeinMartin (1977), “Consumer Beliefs and Behavior with Respect to Cigarette Smoking: A Critical Analysis of the Public Literature,” in Federal Trade Commission Report to Congress, Pursuant to the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act for the Year 1976, Appendix A.
11.
FishbeinMartin, and AjzenIcek (1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
12.
FishbeinMartin, and AjzenIcek (1976a), “Misconceptions about the Fishbein Model: Reflections on a Study by Songer-Nocks,”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12 (November), 579–584.
13.
FishbeinMartin, and AjzenIcek (1976b), “Misconceptions Revisited: A Final Comment,”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12 (November), 591–593.
14.
HarrellGilbert D., and BennettPeter D. (1974), “An Evaluation of the Expectancy Value Model of Attitude Measurement for Physician Prescribing Behavior,”Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (June), 269–278.
15.
HeiseDavid R. (1969), “Some Methodological Issues in Semantic Differential Research,”Psychological Bulletin, 72 (June), 406–422.
16.
JohnstonJ. (1972), Econometric Methods, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
17.
JusterF. Thomas (1966), “Consumer Buying Intentions and Purchase Probability: An Experiment in Survey Design,”Journal of the American Statistical Association, 61 (September), 658–696.
18.
KelmanHerbert C. (1961), “Processes of Opinion Change,”Public Opinion Quarterly, 25 (Spring), 57–78.
19.
LutzRichard J. (1975), “First-Order and Second-Order Cognitive Effects in Attitude Change,”Communications Research, 2 (July), 289–299.
20.
LutzRichard J. (1977), “An Experimental Investigation of Causal Relations Among Cognitions, Affect, and Behavioral Intention,”The Journal of Consumer Research, 3 (March), 197–208.
21.
LutzRichard J., and BettmanJames R. (1977), “Multiattribute Models in Marketing: A Bicentennial Review,” in Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior, WoodsideA. G., ShethJ. N., and BennettP., eds., New York: Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., 137–149.
22.
MiniardPaul W., and CohenJoel B. (1979), “Isolating Attitudinal and Normative Influences in Behavioral Intentions Models,”Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (February), 102–110.
23.
MorrisonDonald G. (1972a), “Regressions with Discrete Dependent Variables: The Effect on R2,”Journal of Marketing Research, 9 (August), 338–340.
24.
MorrisonDonald G. (1972b), “Upper Bounds for Correlations Between Binary Outcomes and Probabilistic Predictions,”Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67 (March), 68–70.
25.
MorrisonDonald G. (1979), “Purchase Intentions and Purchase Behavior,”Journal of Marketing, 43 (Spring), 65–74.
26.
NunnallyJum C. (1967), Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.
27.
RyanMichael J. (1974), “An Empirical Test of a Predictive Model and Causal Chain Derived from Fishbein's Behavioral Intention Model and Applied to a Purchase Intention Situation,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Lexington: University of Kentucky.
28.
RyanMichael J. (1978a), “An Examination of an Alternative Form of the Behavioral Intention Model's Normative Component,” in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 5, HuntH. K., ed., Provo, Utah: The Association for Consumer Research, 283–289.
29.
RyanMichael J. (1978b), “An Experimental Test of the Expanded Behavioral Intention Model,” working paper No. 171, New York: Graduate School of Business, Columbia University.
30.
RyanMichael J., and BonfieldE. H. (1975), “The Extended Fishbein Model and Consumer Behavior,”The Journal of Consumer Research, 2 (September), 118–136.
31.
RyanMichael J., and EtzelMichael J. (1976), “The Nature of Salient Outcomes and Referents in the Extended Model,” in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 3, AndersonB. B., ed., Cincinnati: The Association for Consumer Research, 485–490.
32.
RyanMichael J., and O'ShaughnessyJohn (1979), “Marketing, Science, and Technology,” in Conceptual and Theoretical Developments in Marketing, FerrellO. C., BrownS. W., and LambC. W.Jr., eds., Chicago: American Marketing Association, 577–585.
33.
RyanMichael J., and Paul PeterJ. (1976), “Two Operational Modifications for Delineating the Relative Strength of Attitudinal and Social Influences on Purchase Intentions,” in Marketing: 1776–1976 and Beyond, BernhardtK. L., ed., Chicago: American Marketing Association, 147–150.
34.
Songer-NocksElaine (1976a), “Situational Factors Affecting the Weighting of Predictor Components in the Fishbein Model,”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12 (January), 57–69.
35.
Songer-NocksElaine (1976b), “Reply to Fishbein and Ajzen,”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12 (November), 585–590.
36.
TriandisHarry C. (1964), “Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Behavioral Components of Social Attitudes,”Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68 (April), 420–430.
37.
TroutmanC. Michael, and ShanteauJames (1976), “Do Consumers Evaluate Products by Adding or Averaging Attribute Information,”Journal of Consumer Research, 3 (September), 101–106.
38.
Vinokur-KaplanDiane (1978), “To Have—Or Not to Have—Another Child: Family Planning Attitudes, Intentions, and Behavior,”Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 8 (January-March), 29–46.
39.
WickerAllen W. (1971), “An Examination of the ‘Other Variables’ Explanation of Attitude-Behavior Inconsistency,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 19 (July), 18–30.
40.
WilsonDavid T., Lee MathewsH., and HarveyJames W. (1975), “An Empirical Test of the Fishbein Behavioral Intention Model,”Journal of Consumer Research, 1 (March), 39–48.
41.
WrightPeter L. (1973), “Use of Consumer Judgment Models in Promotion Planning,”Journal of Marketing, 37 (October), 27–33.