The effects of color on the reading recognition and comprehension of 3 students with learning disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were assessed in a single-subject design. Color did not enhance sight-word learning; for longer reading comprehension tasks, color had an immediate effect across and within sessions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.New York: Guilford.
2.
Forness, S. R., Youpa, D., Hanna, G. L., Cantwell, D. P., & Swanson, J. M. (1992). Classroom instructional characteristics in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Comparisons of pure and mixed subgroups. Behavioral Disorders, 17, 115–125.
3.
Loney, J., & Milich, R. (1982). Hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression in clinical practice. In M. Wolraich & D. K. Routh (Eds.), Advances in developmental and behavioral pediatrics (pp. 113–147). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
4.
Nussbaum, N. L., Grant, M. L., Roman, M. J., Poole, J. H., & Bigler, E. D. (1990). Attention deficit and the mediating effect of age on academic and behavioral variables. Journal of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics, 11, 22–26.
5.
Parker, D. H. (1987). SRA Developmental 2 Reading Laboratory.Blacklick, OH: SRA Division of Macmillian/McGraw-Hill School Publishing.
6.
Parker, D. H., & Scannell, G. (1984). SRA Developmental 1 Reading Laboratory. Blacklick, OH. SRA Division of Macmillian/McGraw-Hill School Publishing.
7.
Pelham, W., Milich, R., Murphy, D., & Murphy, A. (1989). Normative data on the JOWA Conners Teacher Rating Scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 259–262.
8.
Swanson, J. M., Barlow, A., & Kinsbourne, M. (1979). Task specificity responses to stimulant drugs in laboratory tests. International Journal of Mental Health, 8, 67–82.
9.
Zentall, S. S. (1985). Stimulus-control factors in search performance of hyperactive children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 480–485.
10.
Zentall, S. S. (1986). Effects of color stimulation on performance and activity of hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 8, 93–109.
11.
Zentall, S. S. (1989). Attentional cueing in spelling tasks for hyperactive and comparison regular classroom children. The Journal of Special Education, 23, 83–93.
12.
Zentall, S. S. (1990). Fact-retrieval automatization and math problem-solving: Learning disabled, attention disordered, and normal adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 856–865.
13.
Zentall, S. S., Zentall, T. R., & Booth, M. E. (1978). Within-task stimulation: Effects on activity and spelling performance in hyperactive and normal children. Journal of Educational Research, 71, 223–230.