Motor Tics,Tourette Syndrome,and Learning Disabilities

Abstract

Tics are the most common involuntary movement disorder of childhood. The single, uncomplicated tic is benign and self-limited, requiring no specific treatment. Complex tics lasting more than a year or associated with vocal tics indicate a high likelihood of Tourette syndrome. The majority of children with Tourette syndrome have learning dis-abilities and attentional disorders: a few such patients exhibit academic problems prior to the onset of tics. These individuals may be treated with stimulant drugs, which may precipitate or exacerbate tics. Pharmacotherapy is available for management of tics and attentional deficits. For optimal management of children with Tourette syndrome, educational, psychological, and general supportive measures may be necessary as well.