Syntactic Complexity

Bormuth, J.R., Carr, J. , Manning, J., Pearson, P.D. , Children's comprehension between — and within — sentence syntactic structures. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1970, 61, 349-357.

Botel, M. , Dawkins, J. , Granowsky, A. , A syntactic complexity formula. In W.H. McGinitie (Ed.), Problems in Reading. Newark, Del.: International Reading Association, 1973.

Carrow, E. , Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language, Austin, Tex.: Urban Research Group, 1973.

Chomsky, C.S. , The Acquisition of Syntax in Children From 5 to 10. Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1969.

Coleman, E.B. , Learning of prose written in four grammatical transformations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1966, 49, 332-341.

Damerst, W.A. , Clear Technical Reports. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.

Drumm, M.L. , Primary children's comprehension of specific syntactic structures found frequently in materials prepared for them (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1973). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1974, 35, 254A. (University Microfilms No. 74-15,912).

Endicott, A.L. , A proposed scale for syntactic complexity. Research in the Teaching of English, 1973, 7,5-12.

Fagan, W.T. , Transformations and comprehension. Reading Teacher, 1971, 25, 169-174.

Farr, J.N., Jenkins, J.J., Patterson, D.G. , Simplification of Flesch reading ease formula. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1951, 35, 333-337.

Flesch, R.F. , A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1948, 32, 221-233.

Foster, R. , Gidden, J.J., Stark, J. , Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension. Palo Alto, Calif.: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1973.

Fry, E.B. , Teaching Faster Reading: A Manual, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University, 1965.

Granowsky, A. , Botel, M. , Background for a new syntactic complexity formula. Reading Teacher, 1974, 28, 31-31-35.

Gunning, R. The Technique of Clear Writing. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1952.

Hunt, K. , Grammatical Structures Written at Three Grade Levels. Champaign, Ill.: National Council of Teachers of English, 1965.

Johnson, D.J., Myklebust, H.R. , Learning Disabilities: Educational Principles and Practices. New York: Grune & Stratton Inc., 1967.

Kachuck, B.L., Syntax patterns in elementary school readers (Final Report, Project No. 4-0418, Grant No. NIE-G-74-0015, NIE, Office of Research Grant.) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. HEW, November 1975.

Kessel, F.S. , The role of syntax in children's comprehension from ages six to twelve. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1970, 35 (6, Serial No. 139).

Klare, G.R. , The Measurement of Readability. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1963.

Klare, G.R. , Assessing readability. Reading Research Quarterly, 1974-75, 10, 62-102.

Kolers, P.A. , Reading is only incidentally visual. In K.S. Goodman, J.T. Fleming (eds.), Psycholinguistics and the Teaching of Reading. Newark, Del.: Internatational Reading Association. 1969.

Lackner, J. , A development study of language behavior in retarded children. Newopsychologia, 1988, 6, 301-320.

Lee, L.L. , Northwestern Syntax Screening Test. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1969.

Lee, L. , Koenigsknecht, R.A. , Mulhern, S.T. , Interactive Langvage Development Teaching. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1975.

Lenneberg, E. , Nichols, L., Rosenberger, E. , Primitive stages of language development in mongolism. Proceedings of the Association of Respiratory Nervous Mental Diseases, 1964, 42, 119-137.

MacKinnon, A.R. , How Do Children Learn to Read. Vancouver: Clopp Clark, 1959.

McCall, W.A., Crabbs, L.M. , Standard Test Lessons in Reading. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1925.

McNeill, D. , The Acquisition of Language. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970.

Miller, J.F., Yoder, D.E., Assessing the comprehension of grammatical form in mentally retarded children. paper presented to the Third Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency, The Hague, September 1973.

Miller, L.R. , Predictive powers of the Dale-Chall and Bormuth readability formulas. The Journal of Business Communication, 1974, 11, 21-30.

Morehead, D.M. Ingram, D. , The development of base syntax in normal and linguistically deviant children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 330-352.

Mugford, L. , A new way of predicting readability. Reading, 1970, 4, 31-35.

O'Donnell, R.C. , Griffin, W.J. , Norris, R.C. , Syntax of kindergarten and elementary school children: A transformational analysis (Research Report No. 8). Champaign, Ill.: National Council of Teachers of English, 1967.

Pearson, P.D. , The effects of grammatical complexity on children's comprehension, recall, and conception of certain semantic relations. Reading Research Quarterly, 1974-75, 10, 155-192.

Robertson, J.E. , Pupil understanding of connectives in reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 1968. 3, 387-417.

Rosenshine, B. , New correlates of readability and listenability. In J.A. Figurel (Ed.), Reading and Realism. Newark, Del.: International Reading Association, 1969.

Ruddell, R.B. , The effect of oral and written patterns of language structure on reading comprehension. Reading Teacher, 1965, 18, 270-275.

Savin, H.B., Perchonock, E. , Grammatical structure and the immediate recall of English sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1965, 4, 348-353.

Semel, E.M., Wiig, E.H. , Comprehension of syntactic structures and critical verbal elements by children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1975, 8, 46-51.

Slegman, D. , Sentence formulation deficits of learning disabled children. Unpublished clinical paper (research), Boston University, 1974.

Smith F. , Understanding Reading. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971.

Stoodt, B. , The relationship between understanding grammotical conjunctions and reading comprehension. Elementary English, 1972, 94, 502-504.

Tatham, S.M. , Reading comprehension of materials written with select oral language patterns: A study at grades two and four. Reading Research Quarterly, 1970. 5, 402-426.

Vogel, S.A. , Syntactic abilities in normal and dyslexic children. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1974, 7, 103-109.

Wiig, E.H., Semel, E.M. , Comprehension of linguistic concepts requiring logical operations by learning disabled children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1973, 16, 627-636.

Wiig, E.H., Semel, E.M. , Logico-grammatical sentence comprehension by learning disabled adolescents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1974, 38, 1331-1334.

Wiig, E.H., Semel, E.M. , Productive language abilities in learning disabled adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1975, 8, 578-586.

Wiig, E.H., Semel, E.M. , Language Disabilities in Children and Adolescents. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1976.