Learning in behavior-disordered, brain-damaged, and normal children was investigated under conditions of massed and spaced practice using auditory and visual paired-associates tasks. The results confirmed the superiority of spaced-practice over massed-practice learning for normal, brain-damaged, and behavior-disordered groups There was a tendency for greater differences in perfomance with the different training procedures within the normal group than for either of the two experimental groups Possible reasons for these differences are suggested.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Archer, S.: (1954) In R. S. Woodworth;Experimental Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, 1938.
2.
Cook, T. W.: Whole versus part learning. J. Exper. Psychology, 1957, 20, 477-484.
3.
Cook, T. W.: Distribution of practice and size of maze pattern. British J. Psychology, 1957, 27, 303-312. (b)
4.
Ebbinghauss, H.: Memory. New York: Teachers College, Columbia Univ., 1913.
5.
English, H. B., Wilborn, E. L., and Killian, C. D.: Studies in memorization, J. Gen. Psychology, 1934, 11, 233-260.
6.
Eysenck, H. J.: The Dynamics of Anxiety and Hysteria, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957.
7.
Eysenck, H. J.: An experimental test of the “distribution” and “consolidation” theories of reminiscence. Unpublished study, (a)
8.
Eysenck, H. J.: Personality and reminiscence - and experimental study of the “reactive distribution” and the “conditioned distribution” theories. Unpublished study, 1964. (b)
9.
Jost, A.: In R. S. Woodworth, Experimental Psychology, New York: Henry Holt, 1938.
10.
Kientzle, M.S.: Properties of learning curves under varied distributions of practice. J. Exper. psychology, 1946, 34, 187-211.
11.
Kimble, G. A.: Performance and reminis in motor learning as a function of the degree of distribution of practice. J. Exper. psychology1949, 39, 500-510.
12.
Pavlov, I.: Conditioned Reflexes. Trans. G. V. AnrepLondon: Oxford Univ. Press, 1927.
13.
Rechtschaffen, A.: Introversion-extraver. J., Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1958. 283-291.