Physical education and recreation should make a number of contributions to the education of handicapped children. The development of knowledge and competencies in games, dancing, hobbies, nature, and sports can improve the general functioning of the handicapped in society. Specifically, physical education and recreation programs should contribute to the child's physical development, level of recreational skills, emotional development, intellectual achievement and social competencies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bloomers, C., Knief, L. M., Strand, J.B., The Organismic Age Concept. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1955, 46, 142–150.
2.
Corder, Owens, Effects of physical education on the intellectual, physical, and social development of educable mentally retarded boys. Exceptional Children, February, 1966, 357–364.
3.
Cratty, Bryant, J., The Perceptual Motor Attributes of Mentally Retarded Children and Youth. Los Angeles County: Mental Retardation Services Board, August, 1966.
4.
Delacato, Carl H., The Diagnosis and Treatment of Speech and Reading Problems. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1963.
5.
Doman, Glenn, Lecture given at the Institute for the Advancement of Human Potential, January 10, 1966.
6.
Goetzinger, Cornelius P. A re-evaluation of the Health railwalking test. Journal of Educational Research, 1961, 54, 187–191.
Horrocks, John E., Assessment of Behavior. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Books, 1964.
9.
Ismail, A. H., Kephart, N., Cowell, C.C.Utilization of Motor Aptitude Test Batteries in Predicting Academic Achievement. Technical Report No. 1 Purdue Research Foundation, P. U. 879-64-838, Purdue University, August 1963.
10.
Ismail, A.H., Gruber, J.J.The predictive power of balance and coordination items in estimating intellectual achievement. Proceedings of National College of Physical Education Association Meetings, Philadelphia, 1965a.
11.
Ismail, A.H., Gruber, J. J.Utilization of motor aptitude tests in predicting academic achievement. Proceedings 1st International Congress on Psychology of Sports, Rome, Italy, 1965b.
12.
Ismail, A. H., Gruber, J. J., Integrated Development: Motor Aptitude and Intellectual Performance. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Books, 1967.
13.
Johnson, Robert, and Swan, J.Relationship between I.Q. and ranking on physical performance items. Unpublished data, Blue Grass Association for Retarded Children, Lexington, Kentucky, 1968.
14.
Kelly, L. J., Rarick, G. L, Stein, J. U, Oliver, J. N, Clements, J. D, Babington, W. K.Proceedings of the Seminars on Physical Education and Recreation for the Mentally Retarded, Dallas, Atlanta, and Greensboro, N. C., May 1–10, 1967. Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation and Southern Region Education Board, Atlanta.
15.
Kephart, Newell C.The Slow Learner in the Classroom. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Books, 1960.
16.
Kershner, John R.An Investigation of the Doman-Delacato Theory of Neuropsychology as it Applies to Trainable Mentally Retarded Children in Public Schools, Bureau of Research, Department of Public Instruction, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, May, 1967.
17.
Klausmeier, H. J.Physical, behavioral, and other characteristics of high and lower achieving children in favored environments. Journal of Educational Research, 1958, 51, 573–582.
18.
Klausmeier, H. J.Beeman, A., Lehman, I.J.Comparison of organismic age and regression equations in predicting achievement in elementary school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1958, 49, 182–186.
19.
Klausmeier, H. J., Feldhusen, J., Check, J.An Analysis of Learning Efficiency in Arithmetic of Mentally Retarded Children in Comparison with Children of Average and High Intelligence. Madison, Wis.: School of Education, University of Wisconsin, August, 1959.
20.
Lowe, B.The effects of physical education on the cognitive functioning and physical developments of educationally sub-normal boys. Unpublished study, University of Birmingham, England, 1966.
21.
Oliver, J. N.The effect of physical conditioning exercises and activities on the mental characteristics of educationally sub-normal boys. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1958, 28, 155–165.
22.
Olson, W. C.Child Development. Boston: D.C. Heath, 1959.
23.
Roach, E.G., Kephart, N.C.The Purdue Perceptual-Motor Survey. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Books, 1966.
24.
Rutherford, W. L.Perceptual-motor training and readiness. Unpublished paper, Tarkio College, Tarkio, Missouri, 1967.
25.
Sherrington, Charles. Man on His Nature (1st ed.). London: Cambridge University Press, 1940; p. 213.
26.
Solomon, A.H., Pangle, R.The Effects of a Structural Physical Education Program on Physical, Intellectual, and Self-Concept Development of Educable Retarded Boys. Institute on Mental Retardation and Intellectual Development, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee, 1966.
27.
Steinhaus, Artnur.The role of motor activity in mental and personality development. A Report of Symposium on Integrated Development, Purdue University, June, 1964.
28.
Straus, Erwin.The upright posture. Paper presented at a Symposium on Medicine and Sport, University of Kentucky, Lexington, May 17–18, 1968.
29.
Summary of Concepts, Procedures and Organization, Institute for the Achievement of Human Potential, Philadelphia, August, 1967.
30.
Van Dalen, D. B., Mitchell, E., Bennett, B.A World History of Physical Education. Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 1953.