See J.D. Edelstein and Malcolm Warner (in association with W. F. Cooke), "Patterns of Opposition in British and American Unions", Sociology, Spring 1970 (forthcoming).
2.
We call the union's legislature—whether the conference or convention—its parliament.
3.
See J.D. Edelstein and H. Ruppel Jnr., "Convention Frequency and Organizational Structure in British and American Unions", presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, New York City, April 14-16, 1967— revised version forthcoming in the Administrative Science Quarterly.
4.
Ibid., p. 1.
5.
Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The History of Trade Unionism (London1920 edition), pp. 223-4.
6.
Ibid., pp. 208ff.
7.
Ibid., p. 201.
8.
Op. cit., p. 220.
9.
Op. cit., p. 220.
10.
Op. cit., p. 221.
11.
Arthur L. Stinchcombe , "Social Structure and Organizations'', in J. G. March (ed.), Handbook of Organizations (Chicago, 1965), pp. 142-93.
12.
Op. cit., p. 142.
13.
Op. cit., p. 143.
14.
Op. cit., p. 154.
15.
Op. cit., p. 155.
16.
Op. cit., p. 160.
17.
Op. cit., p. 160.
18.
Whether the union has outlived its usefulness as an organ of protest and may be succeeded by a new organizational form is discussed in Peter Henle, "Some Reflections on Organized Labor and the New Militants", Monthly Labor Review, July 1969, p. 24.
19.
See Edelstein and Ruppel, op. cit.
20.
William H. Leiserson , American Trade Union Democracy ( New York, 1959).
21.
Op. cit., p. 149.
22.
Op. cit.. p. 98.
23.
Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Industrial Democracy ( London, 1920 ed.), p. 39.
24.
Op. cit., p. 16.
25.
Op. cit., pp. 19-20.
26.
B.C. Roberts , Trade Union Government and Administration in Great Britain (London, 1956), p. 206ff.
27.
Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Industrial Democracy ( London, 1920), p. 29.
28.
I bid., p. 29.
29.
Ibid., p. 39.
30.
Ibid., p. 44.
31.
Ibid., p. 45 (footnote 1).
32.
Ibid., p. 53.
33.
Op. cit., p. 53.
34.
Op. cit., p. 60.
35.
On the different environments, see R. A. Lester, As Unions Mature (Princeton, 1958).
36.
A.E. Musson, The Typographical Association: Origins and History up to 1949 ( London, 1954), pp. 114ff.
