Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy has shown clinical benefits, but most manuals lack specificity and evidence-based interventions. This study tested a semi-structured 16-session Brief Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy (BTAP) manual for depression, developed with evidence-based components. Individuals with mild to moderate depression were assigned to BTAP, Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy (BCBT), or Care As Usual (CAU) relational-humanistic therapies via block-randomization. Mental health outcomes were measured using depression/Patient Health Questionnaire-9, anxiety/GAD-7, distress/CORE-10, and quality-of-life/WHOQOL-bref. BTAP-related skills were assessed with the Life Position Scale, Schema Mode Inventory, and Conceptual Well-Being Scale. Transactional Analysis (TA)-therapist competencies were measured with the Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy Self-Report Competencies Scale. Data were analyzed using Cohen’s D and Cross-lagged Regression Analysis. Of the participants, 28 completed BTAP, 10 BCBT, and 28 were matched to CAU. BTAP clients showed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, distress, and quality-of-life (Cohen’s D: 5.67, 5.72, 4.99, 0.43), outperforming CAU (Cohen’s D: 0.97, 0.81, 0.78, 0.69) and comparable to BCBT. Cross-lagged analyses showed unidirectional predictions of outcomes by clients’ TA-related skills, and of clients’ TA-related skills by TA-therapist skills. BTAP significantly enhances mental health and quality-of-life in depressed clients by improving TA-related skills and therapist competencies. Further validation is needed, but BTAP is a promising treatment for depression.
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