Abstract
The question of what features of the psychotherapeutic process facilitate desired outcomes and change represents a longstanding debate in psychotherapy research and practice. As different psychotherapy schools tend to prioritize different aspects of therapy, this influences clinicians’ practice. We employed Q methodology to explore what is prioritized in psychotherapy based on psychotherapeutic approach, as well as individual differences. We recruited 62 practicing therapists, with 40% primarily trained in humanistic therapies, 27% in cognitive-behavioral therapies, 18% in psychodynamic therapies, and 15% with integrative-eclectic training. Participants also completed self-report measures and a Q-sorting task of hierarchizing 35 statements related to expectations regarding active processes in therapy. Q-factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution as the most parsimonious, with 33% of the sample adhering to the first perspective, 26% to the second, 23% to the third, while 18% presented divergent perspectives. In line with empirical research about common factors in psychotherapy, results revealed that therapists prioritize aspects pertaining to the working alliance. Results revealed differences in adherence to those perspectives based on psychotherapeutic school, experience, and personal characteristics. In addition, differing perspectives also have a bearing on practical matters, as they influence acceptance of online therapy as a valid avenue for intervention.
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