English Only Vs. Bilingual Education: Ensuring a Language-Competent Society

Adorno T. W. , Frenkel-Brunswick E. , Levinson D.J. , & Sanford R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper and Row.

Amastae J. (1990). Official English and the learning of English. In Adams K. L. , & Brink D. T. (Eds.), Perspectives on Official English (pp. 199–208). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Baca L. M. , & Cervantes H. T. (1989). The bilingual special education interface (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Baker K. (1987). Comment on Willig's “A meta-analysis of selected studies in the effectiveness of bilingual education.” Review of Educational Research, 57, 351–362.

Baker K. , & de Kanter A. A. (1981). Effectiveness of bilingual education: A review of literature. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Budget and Education, U.S. Department of Education.

Baker K. , & de Kanter A. A. (Eds.). (1983). Bilingual education: A reappraisal of federal policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Baron D. (1990). The English-Only question. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Barringer F. (1990, February 8). Judge nullifies law mandating use of English. New York Times, pp. A1, A20.

Bennett W. J. (1988). Our children & our country: Improving America's schools & affirming the common culture. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Berry J. W. (1983). Acculturation: A comparative analysis of alternative forms. In Samuda R. J. , & Woods S. L. (Eds.), Perspectives in immigrant and minority education (pp. 65–78). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

California State Department of Education. (1991). Language census report academic year 1990–1991. Sacramento, CA: Office of Bilingual Education.

Campbell R. N. , & Lindholm K. J. (in press). Conservation of language resources. In VanPatten B. , & Lee J. F. (Eds.), SLA: FLL: On the relationship between second language acquisition and foreign language learning. New York: Newbury House.

Children's Defense Fund. (1991). The nation's investment in children. Washington, DC: Children's Defense Fund.

Cole M. , & Griffin P. (1987). Contextual factors in education: Improving science and mathematics education for minorities and women. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Center for Education Research.

Crawford J. (1989). Bilingual education: History, politics, theory and practice. Trenton, NJ: Crane Publishing Co.

DeVillar R. A. , & Faltis C. J. (1991). Computers and cultural diversity: Restructuring for school success. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Ferdman B. M. (1990). Literacy and cultural identity. Harvard Educational Review 60, 181–204.

Hakuta K. , & Gould L. J. (1987, March). Synthesis of research on bilingual education. Educational Leadership, 45, 38–45.

Henry S. (1990, June 10). Fighting words. Los Angeles Times Magazine, pp. 10+.

Holm A. , & Holm W. (1990). Rock Point, a Navajo way to go to school: A valediction. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 505(March), 170–184.

Huddy L. , & Sears D. O. (1990). Qualified public support for bilingual education: Some policy implications. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 505(March), 119–134.

Imhoff G. (1990). The position of U.S. English on bilingual education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 505(March), 48–61.

Kadar-Fulop J. (1988). Culture, writing and curriculum. In Purves A. C. (Ed.), Writing across languages and cultures: Issues in contrastive rhetoric (pp. 25–50). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Lambert W. E. (1984). An overview of issues in immersion education. In Studies in immersion education: A collection for U.S. educators (pp. 8–30). Sacramento: California State Department of Education.

Lambert W. E. (1987). The effects of bilingual and bicultural experiences on children's attitudes and social perspectives. In Homel P. , Palij M. , & Aaronson D. (Eds.), Childhood bilingualism: Aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social development (pp. 197–221). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Lindholm K. J. (1990). Perceived competence of Hispanic and Anglo third graders: Discrepancies between teacher and student ratings. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston.

Loo C. M. (1987). The “biliterate” ballot controversy: Language acquisition and cultural shift among immigrants. International Migration Review, 6, 493–515.

Loo C. M. , & Mar D. (1982). Desired residential mobility in a low income ethnic community: A case study of Chinatown. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 95–106.

Lopez D. E. (1978). Chicano language loyalty in an urban setting. Sociology and Social Research, 62, 267–278.

MacKaye S. D. A. (1990). California Proposition 63: Language attitudes reflected in the public debate. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 505(March), 135–146.

Magnet J. E. (1990). Canadian perspectives on Official English. In Adams K. L. , & Brink D. T. (Eds.), Perspectives on Official English (pp. 53–61). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Matute-Bianchi M. E. (1986). Ethnic identities and patterns of school success and failure among Mexican-descent and Japanese-American students in a California high school: An ethnographic analysis. American Journal of Education, 95, 233–255.

May L. (1988, October 28). Linda Chavez explains her hasty exit. Los Angeles Times, pp. 1, 5.

National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1990). The reading report card 1976–1988. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Newton M. , & Newton J. A. (1991). Racial and religious violence in America: A chronology. New York: Garland Press.

Office of Bilingual Education. (1991). Language census report. Sacramento: California State Department of Education.

Padilla A. M. (1990). Bilingual education: Issues and perspectives. In Padilla A. M. , Fairchild H. H. , & Valadez C. M. (Eds.), Bilingual education: Issues and strategies (pp. 15–26). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Padilla A. M. , Lindholm K. J. , Chen A. , Duran R. , Hakuta K. , Lambert W. , & Tucker G. R. (1991). The English-Only movement: Myths, reality, and implications for psychology. American Psychologist, 46, 120–130.

Piatt B. (1990). Only English: Law and language policy in the United States. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies. (1979). Strength through wisdom: A critique of U.S. capability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Ramirez J. D. , Yuen S. D. , & Ramey D. R. (1991). Final report: Longitudinal study of structured English immersion strategy, early-exit and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs for language-minority children. San Mateo, CA: Aguirre International.

Rodriguez R. (1982). Hunger of memory: The education of Richard Rodriguez. New York: Bantam Books.

Salazar S. (1989, March 6). Controversy over using foreign language business signs spreads through valley. Pasadena Star News, pp. A1, A4.

Sue S. , & Padilla A. M. (1986). Ethnic minority issues in the United States: Challenges for the educational system. In Beyond Language: Social & Cultural Factors in Schooling Language Minority Students (pp. 35–72). Los Angeles, CA: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University.

Taylor D. M. (1987). Social psychological barriers to effective childhood bilingualism. In Homel P. , Palij M. , & Aaronson D. (Eds.), Childhood bilingualism: Aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1991). Hispanic population report. Census and You, 26(September), 10.

U.S. General Accounting Office. (1987a). Bilingual education: Information on limited English proficient students. (GAO/HRD-87-85BR). Washington, DC: Author.

U.S. General Accounting Office. (1987b). Bilingual education: A new look at the research evidence. (GAO/PEMD-87-12BR). Washington, DC: Author.

Veltman C. J. (1988). The future of the Spanish language in the United States. Washington, DC: Hispanic Development Project.

Willig A. C. (1985). Ameta-analysis of selected studies on the effectiveness of bilingual education. Review of Educational Research, 55, 269–317.

Willig A. C. (1987). Examining bilingual education research through meta-analysis and narrative review: A response to Baker. Review of Educational Research, 57, 363–376.