Abstract
The article investigates how a change in educational status from general education to special education is associated with students’ social confidence and academic outcomes. This study uses longitudinal data, a difference-in-difference model, and propensity score matching techniques. Findings indicate that students placed in special education, on average, have lower social confidence and perform worse academically than similarly performing students who remain in general education. Special education can have unintended consequences, and more research is needed to improve students’ educational and social outcomes.
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