Follow-up interviews were conducted with 405 black and white male opioid addicts 12 years after admission to drug abuse treatments in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program. Outcomes over time in this longitudinal data system showed that the behavioral improvements observed throughout the first 6-year posttreatment follow-up period (compared with pretreatment baselines) tended to stabilize between Years 6 and 12. About one-fourth of the sample still used opioid drugs daily in Year 12. Demographic and background measures generally failed to predict Year 12 outcomes, although Year 6 outcomes were related to those in Year 12. Reasons for starting, continuing, and terminating opioid addiction were also examined, as well as the importance of treatment during addiction careers.
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