We examined risk factors influencing length of homelessness among a sample of drug-using adults booked into jails in 30 American counties during the years 2002–2003. Interviews were conducted with 30,634 arrestees. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) explored the impact of arrestees’ drug use histories, prior experiences with alcohol and drug treatment, prior mental health experiences, and previous criminal justice experiences on membership in one of three housing stability categories. MLR results showed that, in comparison to the sporadic homeless, the persistent homeless were a demographically distinct group with significant social and human capital deficits and distinct health risk profiles, including drug use behavior, mental health status, and criminal offending. We argue that jails are well positioned to serve as a focal point for the delivery of public health and psychiatric services to homeless persons.
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