Using a social capital framework, this study explores how aspects of social relationships within the social networks of injection drug users (IDUs) and crack smokers (CSs) influence their drug use-related risk and protective health behaviors. Interviews were conducted with a quota sample of 80 socioeconomically marginalized drug users in Toronto, Canada, and qualitative data were extracted from 77 of these interviews. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed themes indicating that social capital, in the form of collective norms, trust, and exchange of safer drug use information, within users' drug networks encouraged risk and/or protective behaviors within particular contexts. The analysis also highlighted the influence of social structural factors, such as harm reduction and health service delivery on the users' health behaviors. The implications of these findings for harm-reduction services are discussed.
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