This article examines health care utilization among injection drug users. Based on previous health care models, we identify various attitudes and personal characteristics that have been found to affect health care utilization in the general population, and we examine their effect with this at-risk group. They include trust in physicians, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social isolation, and depression. We examined survey data collected from 374 injection drug users in New Haven, Connecticut. Our findings indicated that trust in physicians significantly increased health care utilization, and depression decreased it. We also found that HIV+ respondents as well as those with health insurance utilized health care more often. These findings broaden the generalizability of existing health care utilization models, and they inform efforts to increase health care among vulnerable populations such as injection drug users.
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