Abstract
The glass component critically determines the properties of glass-ionomer cements (GIC). However, the exact relationship between the composition of the glass and these properties is not yet fully understood. To investigate this relationship, we studied the reactivity of glasses used in commercial GIC in acetic acid solutions, using a pH-stat method. Qualitative differences in the leaching behavior of these glasses can be explained by different pre-treatments. Acid-washing and silanization modify the surfaces of the glass particles, thus inducing a delay of the leaching process, whereas untreated glasses exhibit a fast initial leaching, but their acid reactivity slows very soon. Quantitative differences in acid reactivity can be correlated with the mean chemical composition of the glasses. In this respect, the leaching tends to increase with an increasing ratio of network-dwelling cations to Al 3+ ions. These results provide a fundamental basis for the explanation, prediction, and control of cement properties as a function of glass characteristics.
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