Periostomy and Growth of the Mandibular Condyle in the Rat

Abstract

It has been shown that a release of periosteal tension may augment the growth of a long bone; however, similar experiments in the mandible have produced equivocal results. For further definition of the role of periosteal tension in the growth of the mandibular condyle, 80 young female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups: (1) sham, (2) condylotomy, (3) narrow periostomy, and (4) wide periostomy. All procedures were performed unilaterally. Lateral cephalograms, transcranial condylar radiographs, and metallic implants made possible the measurement of the actual increment of condylar growth over three post-operative periods: 0 to 14 days, 14 to 28 days, and 0 to 28 days. Analysis of covariance was performed (weight gain as the covariate) and, where overall significance was found, Tukey's HSD test was used for determination of individual group differences. Conservative, circumferential periostomy of the condylar neck as well as condylotomy failed to alter the condylar growth rate, whereas removal of a wide band of periosteum led to a small decrease. These findings suggest that, at least in the rat, periosteal tension plays only a minor role-if any-in the control of condylar/mandibular growth. Furthermore, a subsequent increase or decrease in condylar growth, in experiments that use a condylotomy model, cannot be attributed solely to a disturbance in periosteal integrity caused by the condylotomy.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bernabei, R.L. and Johnston, L.E. (1978): The Growth in situ of Isolated Mandibular Segments , Am J Orthod 73:24-35. Crilly, R.G. (1972): Longitudinal Overgrowth of Chicken Radius, J Anat 112:11-18.

Copray, J.C.V.M. ; Jansen, H.W.B. ; and Duterloo, H.S. (1985): The Role of Biomechanical Factors in Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Growth and Remodeling in vitro. In: Developmental Aspects of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Monograph #16, Craniofacial Growth Series, D.S. Carlson , J.A. McNamara , and K.A. Ribbens , Eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, pp. 235-269.

Copray, J.C.V. M.; Jansen, H.W.B. ; and Duterloo, H.S. (1986): Growth and Growth Pressure of Mandibular Condylar and Some Primary Cartilages of the Rat in vitro, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 90:19-28.

Dimitriou, C.G. ; Kapetanos, G.A. ; and Symeonides, P.P. (1988): The Effect of Partial Periosteal Division on Growth of the Long Bones. An Experimental Study in Rabbits, Clin Orthop 236:265-269.

Fuller, D.S. (1974): An Investigation of Growth of the Mandibular Condyle Following Condylotomy in the Guinea Pig, Master's Thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Harkness, E.M. and Trotter, W.D. (1978): Growth of Transplants of Rat Humerus Following Circumferential Division of the Periosteum, J Anat 126:275-289.

Hinton, R.J. (1986): Response of the Condylar Cartilage to Condylotomy , J Dent Res 65:342, Abst. No. 1560.

Hinton, R.J. (1987): Effect of Condylotomy on DNA Synthesis in Cells of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in the Rat, Arch Oral Biol 32:865-872.

Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1986): The Curious Case of the Chimerical Condyle. In: Orthodontics. State of the Art. Essence of the Science, L.W. Graber , Ed., St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co., pp. 88-99.

10.

Johnston, L.E., Jr. and Killiany, D.M. (1986): The Effect of Weight Gain on Facial Growth in Experimental Animals, J Dent Res 65:278, Abst. No. 983.

11.

Killiany, D.M. (1984): An Experimental Demonstration of Condylar Plasticity, Master's Thesis, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.

12.

Killiany, D.M. ; Johnson, O.N. ; and Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1987): Combined Cephalometric and Transcranial Radiography of the Rat Condyle, Angle Orthod 57:162-167.

13.

Killiany, D.M. and Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1985a): Experimental Condylar Rotation and Mandibular Growth. In: Developmental Aspects of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Monograph #16, Craniofacial Growth Series, D.S. Carlson , J.A. McNamara , and K.A. Ribbens , Eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, pp. 271-278.

14.

Killiany, D.M. and Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1985b): The Effect of Surgical Condylar Rotation on the Subsequent Pattern of Condylar Growth. In: Normal and Abnormal Bone Growth. Basic and Clinical Research, A.D. Dixon and B.G. Sarnat , Eds., New York: A.R. Liss, Inc., pp. 439-448.

15.

Killiany, D.M. and Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1986): Surgical Control of Mandibular Growth: Test of a Recent Biomechanical Hypothesis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 62:500-504.

16.

Koski, K. and Ronning, 0. ( 1982): Condyle Neck Periostomy and the Mitotic Activity in the Condylar Tissues of Young Rats, Swed Dent J (Suppl) 15:109-113.

17.

Koski, K. and Ronning, 0. ( 1983): Condyle Neck Periostomy and the Mitotic Activity in the Condylar Tissues of Young Rats. II, Proc Finn Dent Soc 79:147-150.

18.

Koski, K. ; Ronning, O. ; and Nakamura, T. (1985): Periosteal Control of Mandibular Condyle Growth . In: Normal and Abnormal Bone Growth. Basic and Clinical Research , A.D. Dixon and B.G. Sarnat , Eds., New York: A.R. Liss, Inc., pp. 413-423.

19.

McLain, J.B. and Vig, P.S. (1983): Transverse Periosteal Sectioning and Femur Growth in the Rat, Anat Rec 207:339-348.

20.

McLain, J.B. ; Vig, P.S. ; and Hamilton, D.C. (1982): The Influence of Circumferential Periosteal Section on Mandibular Morphology and Growth in the Rat. In: Factors and Mechanisms Influencing Bone Growth, A.D. Dixori and B.G. Sarnat , Eds., New York: A.R. Liss, Inc., pp. 581-596.

21.

Meikle, M.C. (1970): The Effect of a Class II Intermaxillary Force on the Dentofacial Complex of the Adult Macaca mulata Monkey, Am J Orthod 58:323-340.

22.

Ronning, O. and Koski, K. (1974): The Effect of Periostomy on the Growth of the Condylar Process in the Rat, Proc Finn Dent Soc 70:28-29.

23.

Turpen, G.L. and Hinton, R.J. (1988): Periosteal Disruption and Growth of the Rat Condylar Cartilage, J Dent Res 67:167, Abst. No. 435.

24.

Warrell, E. and Taylor, J.F. (1979): The Role of Periosteal Tension in the Growth of Long Bones, J Anat 128:179-184.

25.

Whetten, L.L. and Johnston, L.E., Jr. (1985): The Control of Condylar Growth: An Experimental Evaluation of the Role of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle, Am J Orthod 88:181-190.

26.

Yozwiak, R.A. (1979): An Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Condylar Growth in Young Guinea Pigs, Master's Thesis, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.