Despite the site-specific nature of caries, nearly all data on the concentration of ions relevant to the level of saturation of plaque fluid with respect to calcium phosphate minerals or enamel are from studies that used pooled samples. A procedure is described for the collection and analysis of inorganic ions relevant to these saturation levels in plaque fluid samples collected from a single surface on a single tooth. Various methods for examining data obtained by this procedure are described, and a mathematical procedure employing potential plots is recommended.
Brown, W.E. and Chow, L.C. (1986): Effects of Neutral Salts in a Bench-scale Caries Model, J Dent Res65:1115-1120.
3.
Brown, W.E.; Patel, P.R.; and Chow, L.C. (1975): Formation of CaHP04·2H20 from Enamel Mineral and Its Relationship to Caries Mechanism, J Dent Res54:475-481.
4.
Carey, C.M.; Chow, L.C.; Tatevossian, A.; and Vogel, G.L. (1988a): Extracellular Potassium Concentrations in Human Dental Plaque Fluid Recovered from Single Sites, Arch Oral Biol33:493-498.
5.
Carey, C.M.; Gregory, T.M.; Rupp, N.W.; Tatevossian, A.; and Vogel, G.L. (1986a): The Driving Forces in Human Dental Plaque Fluid for Demineralisation and Remineralisation of Enamel Mineral. In: Factors Relating to Demineralisation and Remineralisation of the Teeth, S.A. Leach, Ed., Oxford: IRL Press Ltd., pp. 163-173.
6.
Carey, C.M.; Gregory, T.M.; Tatevossian, A.; and Vogel, G.L. (1988b): The Buffer Capacity of Single-Site, Resting Human Dental-Plaque Fluid, Arch Oral Biol33:487-492.
7.
Carey, C.M.; Tatevossian, A.; and Vogel, G.L. (1986b): Fluoride Concentration in Overnight-starved Plaque Fluid from Single Tooth Surfaces, J Dent Res65:498, Abst. No. 94 (Divisional Abstracts).
8.
Carey, C.M.; Tatevossian, A.; and Vogel, G.L. (1987): The Rapid Determination of Extracellular Potassium Concentrations in Whole Human Dental Plaque and Plaque Fluid, J Dent Res66:1516-1517.
9.
Chow, L.C. and Brown, W.E. (1984): A Physicochemical Bench-scale Caries Model, J Dent Res63:868-873.
10.
Duchin, S. and Van Houte, J. (1978): Relationship of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli to Incipient Smooth Surface Dental Caries in Man, Arch Oral Biol23:779-786.
11.
Ekstrand, J. and Vogel, G.L. (1989): Analysis of Fluoride in Plaque Fluid at Single Tooth Sites, J Dent Res68:318, Abst. No. 1089.
12.
Ericsson, Y. (1949): Investigation into the Calcium Phosphate Equilibrium Between Enamel and Saliva and its Relation to Dental Caries, Acta Odontol Scand8 (Suppl): 3.
13.
Grøn, P.; Van Campen, G.J.; and Lindstrom, I. (1967): Human Dental Calculus. Inorganic Chemical and Crystallographic Composition, Arch Oral Biol12:829-837.
14.
Hay, D.I. and Moreno, E.C. (1979): Macromolecular Inhibitors of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation in Human Saliva. Their Roles in Providing a Protective Environment for the Teeth. In: Proceedings, Saliva and Dental Caries, I. Kleinberg, S.A. Ellison, and I.D. Mandel, Eds., Microbiol Abstr (Sp Suppl), pp. 45-58.
15.
Howell, D.S.; Pita, J.C.; Marquez, J.F.; and Gatter, R.A. (1969): Demonstration of Macromolecular Inhibitor(s) of Calcification and Nucleational Factor(s) in Fluid from Calcifying Sites in Cartilage, J Clin Invest48:630-641.
16.
Kaufman, H.W. and Kleinberg, 1. ( 1973): X-Ray Diffraction Examination of Calcium Phosphate in Dental Plaque, Calcif Tissue Res11:97-104.
17.
MacGregor, J. and Brown, W.E. (1965): Blood Bone Equilibrium in Calcium Homeostasis , Nature205:359-361.
18.
Margolis, H.C.; Duckworth, J.H.; and Moreno, E.C. (1988): Composition of Pooled Resting Plaque Fluid from Caries-free and Caries-susceptible Individuals, J Dent Res67:1468-1475.
19.
McDowell, H.; Brown, W.E.; and Sutter, J.R. (1971): Solubility Study of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate. Ion-pair Formation, Inorg Chem10:1638-1643.
20.
McDowell, H.; Gregory, T.M.; and Brown, W.E. (1977): Solubility of Ca5(PO4)3OH in the System Ca(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O at 5, 15, 25, and 37°C, J Res NBS A Phys Chem81A:273-281.
21.
Moreno, E.C.; Gregory, T.M.; and Brown, W.E. (1968): Preparation and Solubility of Hydroxyapatite, J Res NBS (Phys and Chem)72A:773-782.
22.
Moreno, E.C. and Margolis, H.C. (1988): Composition of Human Plaque Fluid, J Dent Res67:1181-1189.
23.
Patel, P.R. and Brown, W.E. (1975): Thermodynamic Solubility Product of Human Tooth Enamel: Powdered Sample, J Dent Res54:728-736.
24.
Rankine, C.A.N.; Moreno, E.C.; Vogel, G.L.; and Margolis, H.C. (1985): Micro-analytical Determination of pH, Calcium, and Phosphate in Plaque Fluid, J Dent Res64:1275-1280.
25.
Tatevossian, A. (1981): Kinetics of Calcium-binding and Release in Human Dental Plaque. In: Tooth Surface Interaction and Preventive Dentistry, G. Rølla, T. Sonju, and G. Embery ; Eds., London: IRL Press Ltd. , pp. 105-112.
26.
Tatevossian, A.; Vogel, G.L.; and Carey, C.M. (1990): Composition and Ion Products for Calcium Phosphate Minerals in Fasted Plaque Fluid from Single Tooth Sites, J Dent Res (Submitted).
27.
Tatevossian, A. and Gould, C.T. (1976): The Composition of the Aqueous Phase in Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol21 :319-323.
28.
Thomas, R.C. (1978): Ion-sensitive Intracellular Microelectrodes, How to Make and Use Them, London: Academic Press.
29.
Vogel, G.L.; Carey, C.M.; Chow, L.C.; and Brown, W.E. (1987a): Micro-electrode Techniques for the Analysis of Oral Fluids, J Dent Res66:1691-1697.
30.
Vogel, G.L.; Carey, C.M.; Chow, L.C.; and Ekstrand, J. (1990): Fluoride Analysis in Nanoliter- and Microliter-size Fluid Samples, J Dent Res69:522-528.
31.
Vogel, G.L.; Carey, C.M.; Chow, L.C.; Gregory, T.M.; and Brown, W.E. (1987b): Ultramicro Analysis of the Fluid in Enamel During in vitro Caries Attack by Hydrochloric Acid, Caries Res21:310-325.
32.
Vogel, G.L.; Carey, C.M.; Chow, L.C.; Gregory, T.M.; and Brown, W.E. (1988): Micro-analysis of Mineral Saturation within Enamel During Lactic Acid Demincralization, J Dent Res67:1172-1180.
