Baboons may be useful as animal models for the study of human oral diseases and infections. They are closely related to man anatomically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Plaque and gingival indices were relatively low in 18 baboons (Papio anubis). The mean scores ranged between 0.62 ± 0.29 and 0.37 ± 0.20, respectively. Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci comprised 27.0 ± 32.4 and 3.1 ± 7.5% of the total viable counts in the dental plaque samples. Black-pigmented Bacteroides formed about 1.9 ± 5.9% of the bacterial population in the samples. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli were found in 73.2% of the samples and averaged 19.2 t 26.3% of the total recovered flora. Species of the oral Actinomyces and other Gram-positive rods found in humans were not isolated. The composition of the oral flora in baboons appeared to be significantly different from that of man. Isolates of F. nucleatum, L. buccalis, and B. intermedius from the two mammals were biochemically similar, but were distinguishable by analysis with antibody, both by precipitin lines and/or differences between homologous and heterologous titers.
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