In vitro Studies on the Potential for Pulpal Cytotoxicity of Glass-Ionomer Cements

Abstract

Elution samples of glass-ionomer cement were prepared in sterile tissue culture medium either by direct contact between the fluid and standard cement samples or through a layer of human dentin, and then tested for toxicity to cultured mouse fibroblasts (L929). The directly-prepared eluates of the cements were highly cytotoxic, but those prepared through dentin were of either limited or no cytotaxicity. The degree of toxicity of some directly-prepared eluates was reduced by adjustment of the pH to neutrality. It was apparent that dentin reduced the potential for cytotoxicity of glass-ionomer cements to a large degree. Proposed mechanisms for the reduction were limited availability of water at the dentin-cement interface and thus limited dissolution of components, buffering of acid components of the cements by dentin, or other chemical interactions with dentin.