Cementum forms the interface between root dentin and periodontal ligament through which periodontal connective tissue is attached to root surfaces. We have examined how cementum components influence the biological activities of gingival fibroblasts. Cementum was harvested from freshly extracted human teeth and extracted sequentially with 0.5 mol/L acetic acid, 4 mol/L guanidine-0.5 mol/L EDTA, and bacterial collagenase. The extracts were concentrated and analyzed for mitogenic activity to human gingival fibroblasts. DNA synthesis was assayed by measurement of [3 H]thymidine incorporation by quiescent fibroblasts activated to divide, and cell growth was determined by the counting of cells over a 10-day period. Results showed that extracts of cementum stimulated quiescent gingival fibroblasts to synthesize DNA and grow. The stimulation was dose-dependent, and most of the stimulatory activity was extracted by acid. Addition of small quantities of serum potentiated the mitogenic activity to levels greater than those of control cultures containing 10% fetal calf serum. The mitogenic activity was heat-stable, but it was destroyed by trypsin. Neither platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) nor epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detectable in the cementum extract, and extracts of human dentin and skin contained very little mitogenic activity. We conclude that cementum contains substances capable of regulating the growth of gingival fibroblasts, and that these substances may play an important role in gingival connective tissue formation and regeneration.
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