Uptake and Retention of Aluminum by Dental Enamel

Abstract

The uptake, depth of penetration, and retention of aluminum (Al) in sound and acid-etched dental enamel were determined following in vitro applications of solutions containing 0.005 M or 0.037 M Al. Compared with controls, significant amounts of Al uptake (approximately 2000 to 6000 ppm) were detected in both sound and etched enamel, with significantly more Al deposited in the latter. Analysis of successive layers of treated enamel demonstrated that Al was located predominately within the first 20 μm of surface enamel. Only slight reductions in Al retention occurred following one week of water-soaking or one minute of brushing with water or dentifrice, indicating that Al was firmly bound by enamel.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aasenden, R. ; Brudevold, F. ; and McCann, H.G. (1968): The Response of Intact and Experimentally Altered Human Enamel to Topical Fluoride, Arch Oral Biol 13:543-552.

Antila, M.K. and Pohto, P. (1973): Fluoride Uptake and Retention in Dental Enamel Treated with Amine Fluoride Solution, Proc Finn Dent Soc 69:202-207.

Baijot-Stroobants, J. and Vreven, J. (1980): In Vivo Uptake of Topically Applied Fluoride by Human Dental Enamel, Arch Oral Biol 25:617-621.

Besic, F.C. ; Bayard, M. ; Wiemann, M.R., Jr. ; and Bur-Rell, K.H. (1975): Composition and Structure of Dental Enamel: Elemental Composition and Crystalline Structure of Dental Enamel as They Relate to Its Solubility, JADA 91:594-601. Brudevold, F. ; Gardner, D.E. ; and Smith, F.A. (1956): The Distribution of Fluoride in Human Enamel, J Dent Res 35 :420-429.

Clarkson, B.H. (1976): The Effect of Metal Ion Pretreatment of Enamel on Fluoride Uptake From Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride, J Int Assoc Dent Child 12:9-16.

Frostell, G. ; Larsson, S.J. ; Lodding, A. ; Odelins, H. ; and Petersson, L.G. (1977): SIMS Study of Element Concentration Profiles in Enamel and Dentin, Scand J Dent Res 85 :18-21.

Kleber, C.J. and Putt, M.S. (1984): Aluminum and Dental Caries : A Review of the Literature , Clin Prevent Dent 6:14-26. Kleber, C.J. ; Putt, M.S. ; and Muhler, J.C. (1978): Enamel Dissolution by Various Food Acidulants, J Dent Res 57:447-451. Mellberg , J.R. ; Laakso, P.V. ; and Nicholson, C.R. (1966): The Acquisition and Loss of Fluoride by Topically Fluoridated Human Tooth Enamel, Arch Oral Biol 11 :1213-1220. Orland, H.P., Ed. (1965): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. New York, NY: American Public Health Association, Inc. , pp. 53-56.

Putt, M.S. and Kleber, C.J. (1985): Dissolution Studies of Human Enamel Treated with Aluminum Solutions, J Dent Res 64 :437-440.

Retief, D.H. ; Sorvas, P.G. ; Bradley, E.L. ; Taylor, R.E. ; and Walker, A.R. (1980): In vitro Fluoride Uptake, Distribution and Retention by Human Enamel After 1- and 24-hour Application of Various Topical Fluoride Agents, J Dent Res 59 :573-582.

10.

Wefel, J.S. and Harless, J.D. (1981): The Effect of Topical Fluoride Agents on Fluoride Uptake and Surface Morphology, J Dent Res 60:1842-1848.

11.

Willis, J.B. (1961): Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Anal Chem 33 :556-559.