Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The oxidized surfaces of cross-sections of gold alloys containing a total of 1.5 mass % Fe and Sn, oxidized at 1000 °C for one hr, have been studied by various techniques, including secondary electron micro-analysis, X-ray micro-analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry.

Over the composition range (0.30 - 1.50 mass % Fe), an external oxidation zone containing only Fe oxides was formed. The quantity of Fe203 was greater than that of Sn02 for 0.45 - 1.50 mass % Fe. With an Fe content below 0.45 mass %, the amount of Sn02 was greater than that of Fe₂O₃ . Traces of Fe304 were formed in high Sn content alloys.

Internal oxidation particles composed of Fe203 and Sn02 precipitated deep in the alloy matrix (0.90 - 1.50 mass % Fe), and these changed to an internal oxidation band composed mainly of Sn02 for 0.3 mass % Fe.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Craig. R.G. (1980): Restorative Dental Materials, 6th ed., St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company, p. 425.

Cullity, B.D. (1978): Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd ed., Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, p. 299.

Darken, L.S. (1942): Diffusion in Metal Accompanied by Phase Change , Trans AIME 150:157-169.

Hauffe, K. (1965): Oxidation of Metals, New York : Plenum Press, p. 296.

Kofstad, D. (1966): High-Temperature Oxidation of Metal, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 119.

Kubschewski, O. and Alcock, C.B. (1979): Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 6th ed., New York: Pergamon Press , p. 378.

Meijering, J.L. (1971): Internal Oxidation in Alloy, Adv Mater Res 5:1-81.

Mott, N.F. (1940): Oxidation of Metals and the Formation of Protective Films, Nature 145:996-1000.

Ohno, H. ; Miyakawa, 0.; Watanabe, K. ; and Shiokawa, N. (1982): The Structure of Oxide Formed by High-temperature Oxidation of Commercial Gold Alloys for Porcelain-Metal Bonding, J Dent Res 61:1255-1261.

10.

Ohno, H. ; Kanzawa, Y. ; Kawashima, I. ; Yamane, Y. ; and Takanohashi, S. (1982): A Basic Study to Clarify the Porcelain-Metal Bonding Mechanism - Analysis of the Oxidized Surface of Gold Alloys by Reflection Electron Diffraction, Higashi-Nippon Dent J 1 :129-139.

11.

Ohno, H. ; Kanzawa, Y. ; Kawashima, I. ; and Shiokawa, N. (1983): Structure of High-temperature Oxidation Zones of Gold Alloys for Metal-Porcelain Bonding Containing Small Amounts of In and Sn, J Dent Res 62:774-779.

12.

Ohno, H. ; Kanzawa, Y. ; and Yamane, Y. (1983): ESCA Study on the Oxidized Surface of a Gold Alloy for Porcelain-Metal Bonding, Dent Mater J 2:55-60.

13.

Ohno, H. and Kanzawa, Y. (1983): Internal Oxidation in Gold Alloys Containing Small Amounts of Fe and Sn, J Mater Sci 18: 919-929.

14.

Ohno, H. ; Kanzawa, Y. ; and Takanohashi, S. (1983): State Analysis of Iron Oxides Formed on Gold Alloys for Porcelain-Metal Bonding by an X-ray Microanalyzer, Dent Mater J 2:179-191.

15.

Rapp, R.A. (1961): The Transition from Internal to External Oxidation and the Formation of Interruption Bands in Silver-Indium Alloys, Acta Metallurgica 9:730-741.

16.

Rapp, R.A. ; Frank, D.F. ; and Armitage, J.V. (1964): The Formation of Passivating Internal In2O3 Band in Silver-Indium Alloys, Acta Metallurgica 12:505-513.

17.

Soezima, H. ; Masaki, T. ; and Wakabayashi, T. (1972): Electron Microprobe State Analysis by X-ray Emission Band Spectra, Report of the International Congress on Analytical Chemistry (Kyoto, April 3-7).

18.

Wagner, C. (1959): Reaktionstypen bei der Oxydation von Legierungen , Z Elektrochem 63:772-782.

19.

Weissmann, S. ; Post, B. ; Ose, M.E. ; and McMurdie, H. (1978): Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Metals and Alloys, Vols. I and II, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania: International Centre for Diffraction Data, p. 435 (Vol. I); pp. 27 and 263 (Vol. II).

Structural Changes in the Oxidation Zones of Gold Alloys for Porcelain Bonding Containing Small Amounts of Fe and Sn

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References