Utilizing a blood-based medium, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) to sodium fluoride (NaF) of 45 bacterial strains representing 22 oral species. Bacterial susceptibility ranged from 128 μg/ml to 2048 μg/ml. Of those organisms tested, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Actinomyces viscosus were susceptible at lower levels of NaF.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Jordan, N.V. ; Englander, H.R.; Engler , W.A.; and Kulcyzk, S.: Observations on the Implantation and Transmission of Streptococcus mutans in Humans, J Dent Res51: 515-518, 1972.
2.
Weiss, M.E.; Gedalia, I.; and Zilnerman, Y.: The Effect of Topical Application with Organic and Inorganic Fluoride Compound on the Inhibition of Dental Plaque in Humans, J Dent Res56:1345-1348, 1977.
3.
Tinanoff, N. ; Brady, J.M.; and Gross, A.: The Effect of NaF and SnF2 Mouthrinses on Bacterial Colonization of Tooth Enamel: TEM and SEM Studies, Caries Res10:415-426, 1976. 4. Gross, A. and Tinanoff, N.: Effect of SnF2 Mouthrinses on Initial Bacterial Colonization of Tooth Enamel , J Dent Res56:1179-1183, 1977 .
4.
Schachtele, C.F. and Mayo, J.A.: Phosphoenolpyruvate Dependent Glucose Transport in Oral Streptococci, J Dent Res52:1209-1215, 1973.
5.
Yoon, N.A. and Berry, C.W.: The Antimicrobial Effect of Fluorides (Acidulated Phosphate, Sodium, and Stannous) on Actinomyces viscosus, J Dent Res58:1824-1829, 1979.
6.
Yoon, N.A. and Newman, M.G.: Antimicrobial Effect of Fluorides on Bacteroides melaninogenicus Subspecies and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, J Clin Periodontol7 :489494, 1980.
7.
Socransky, S.S. : Relationship of Bacteria to the Etiology of Periodontal Disease, J Dent Res49:203-222, 1970.
8.
Socransky, S.S. : Microbiology of Periodontal Disease: Present Status and Future Considerations, J Periodontol48: 497-504, 1977.
9.
Slots, J.; Reynolds, H.S.; and Genco, R.J.: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Human Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Microbiological Investigation, Infect Immun29:1013-1020,1980.
10.
Slots, J.: Microflora in the Healthy Gingival Sulcus in Man, Scand J Dent Res85:108, 1977.
11.
Newman, M.G. ; Grinenko, V.; Weiner , M.; Angel, I.; Karge, H.; and Nisengard, R.: Predominant Microbiota Associated with Periodontal Health in the Aged, J Periodontol49:553-559, 1978.
12.
Slots, J.; Moenbo, D.; Landeback, J.; and Frandsen, A.: Microbiota of Gingivitis in Man, Scand J Dent Res86 :174-181,1978.
13.
Darwish, S. ; Hyppa, T.; and Socransky, S.S.: Studies of the Predominant Cultivable Microbiota of Early Periodontitis, J Periodont Res13:1-16, 1978.
Slots, J.: The Predominant Cultivable Microflora of Advanced Periodontitis, Scand J Dent Res85:114-121, 1977. 17. Newman, M.G. and Socransky, S.S.: Predominant Cultivable Microbiota in Periodontosis, J Periodont Res12 :120-128, 1977.
16.
Slots, J.: The Predominant Cultivable Organisms in Juvenile Periodontitis, Scand J Dent Res84:1-10, 1976.
17.
Mandell, R.L. and Socransky, S.S.: A Selective Medium for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the Incidence of the Organisms in Juvenile Periodontitis , J Periodontol52: 593-599, 1981.
18.
Bailey, W.R. and Scott, E.G.: Diagnostic Microbiology, 4th ed., St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Co., 1974 , p. 402.
19.
Steers, E.; Foltz, E.L.; Graves, B.S.; and Riden, J.: An Inocula-Replicating Apparatus for Routine Testing of Bacterial Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Antibiot Chemother9: 307, 1959.
20.
Lanette, E.H. ; Spaulding, E.H.; and Truant, J.P.: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 2nd ed., Washington, DC: ASM Publications, 1974, p. 422.
21.
Hamilton, I.R. : Effects of Fluoride on Enzymatic Regulation of Bacterial Carbohydrate Metabolism, Caries Res11: 262-291, 1977.
22.
Calmes, R.; Rambicure, G.W.; Gorman, W.; and Lil-Lich, T.T.: Energy Metabolism in Capnocytophaga ochracea, Infect Immun29:551-560, 1980.
23.
Williams, R.A.D. : Permeability of Fluoride Trained Streptococci to Fluoride, Arch Oral Biol13:1031-1033, 1968.
24.
Hesselgren, S.G.; Nedlich, U.; and Dahl, G.M.: Antimicrobial Effect of Some Fluorides , Swed Dent J1:115-126, 1977.
25.
Mashimo, P.A. ; Yamamoto, Y.; Slots , J.; Park, B.H.; and Genco, R.J.: Subgingival Microflora in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Juvenile Diabetes), IADR Progr & Abst 60: No. 598, 1981.
26.
Forlenza, S.W. ; Newman, M.G.; Lipsey , A.I., Seigel, S.E.; and Blachman , U.: Capnocytophaga Sepsis: A Newly Recognized Clinical Entity in Granulocytopenic Patients, Lancet, March 15, 1980, pp. 567-568.
27.
Shurin, S.G. ; Socransky, S.S.; Sweeney , E.; and Stossel, T.P.: A Neutrophil Disorder Induced by Capnocytophaga, A Dental Microorganism, N Engl J Med301 :849-854, 1979.
28.
Williams, B.L. ; Hollis, D.; and Holdeman, L.V.: Synonymy of Strains of Center for Disease Control Group DE-1 with Species of Capnocytophaga , J Clin Microbiol10:550-556, 1979.
29.
Klaber, R.: Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis with a Note on the Bacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Br J Dermatol46:12, 1934.
30.
Newman, M.G. ; Socransky, S.S.; Savitt , E.D.; Pro-Pas , D.A.; and Crawford , A.: Studies of the Microbiology of Periodontosis, J Periodontol47:373-379, 1976.
31.
Burgher, L.W. ; Loomis, G.W.; and Ware, F.: Systemic Infection Due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Am J Clin Pathol60:412, 1973.
32.
Townsend, T.R. and Gillenwater , J.Y.: Urinary Tract Infection Due to Actinobacillus , J Am Med Assoc210:558, 1969.
33.
Mitchell, R.G. and Gillespie, W.A.: Bacterial Endocarditis Due to an Actinobacillus , J Clin Pathol17:511, 1964.
34.
Meyers, B.R. ; Bollone, E.; Hirschman , S.Z.; Schnei-Erson , S.S.; and Gershengorn, K.: Infection due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Am J Clin Pathol56: 204, 1971.
35.
Vandepitte, J.; Geest, de H.; and Jousten, P.: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, J Clin Pathol30:842, 1977.
36.
Page, M.I. and King, E.O.: Infection Due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus , N Engl J Med275:181, 1966.
37.
Baehni, P.C. ; Tsai, C.C.; McArthur , W.P.; Hammond, B.F.; Shenker, B.J.; and Taichman , N.S.: Leukotoxic Activity in Different Strains of the Bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from Juvenile Periodontitis in Man, Arch Oral Biol26:671-678, 1981.
38.
Taichman, N.S. and Wilton, J.M.A.: Leukotoxicity of an Extract from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans for Human Gingival Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Inflammation5:1-12, 1981.
39.
Jordan, H.V. and Keyes, P.H.: Aerobic, Gram Positive, Filamentous Bacteria as Etiologic Agents of Experimental Periodontal Disease in Hamsters , Arch Oral Biol9:401414, 1964.
40.
Jordan, H.V. ; Keyes, P.H.; and Bellack, S.: Periodontal Lesions in Hamsters and Gnotobiotic Rats Infected with Actinomyces of Human Origin, J Periodont Res7:21-28, 1972. 43. Loesche, W.J. and Syed, A.: Bacteriology of Human Experimental Gingivitis: Effect of Plaque and Gingivitis , Infect Immun21:830-839, 1978.
41.
Brown, L.R. ; Dreizen, S.; and Handler, R.: Effects of Selected Caries Preventive Regimens on Microbial Changes Following Irradiation-induced Xerostomia in Cancer Patients. In: Proceedings, Microbial Aspects of Dental Caries, Microbiol Abstr (Spec. Suppl)1976 , pp. 275-290.
42.
Loesche, W.J. ; Syed, S.A.; Murray , R.J.; and Mell-Berg , J.R.: Effect of Topical Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Percentage of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in Plaque, Caries Res9:139-155, 1975.
43.
Hellden, L. ; Camosci, D.; Hock , J.; and Tinanoff, N.: Clinical Study to Compare the Effect of Stannous Fluoride and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses on Plaque Formation, J Clin Periodontol8:12-16, 1981.
44.
Hardwick, J.L. and Leach, S.A.: The Fluoride Content of the Dental Plaque , Proceedings, 9th ORCA Congress, Arch Oral Biol (Suppl) : 151, 1962.